{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408787151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.81091","title":"Whipple Procedure vs. Distal Pancreatectomy: A Study on the Efficacy, Survival Rates, and Complication Rates in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer","display_name":"Whipple Procedure vs. Distal Pancreatectomy: A Study on the Efficacy, Survival Rates, and Complication Rates in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408787151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.81091","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40271340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.81091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.81091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.81091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.81091","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hamza Siddique","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Siddique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Social Security Hospital, Faisalabad, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Social Security Hospital, Faisalabad, PAK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116774174","display_name":"Sabaina Arshad Tarar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800331022","display_name":"Shalamar Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01s776p02","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800331022"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabaina Arshad Tarar","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Surgery, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Surgery, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800331022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113212500","display_name":"Ahmed Salman Majeed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258646","display_name":"Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010xtqd61","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258646"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Salman Majeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064104181","display_name":"Muhammad Hamza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4043-6144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4043-6144","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1445-3986"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Hamza","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Surgery, Muzaffarabad General Hospital, Muzaffarabad, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Surgery, Muzaffarabad General Hospital, Muzaffarabad, PAK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060722726","display_name":"Mueez Saleem Raja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6426-5840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6426-5840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mueez Saleem Raja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine and Surgery, Queen Mary University, London, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine and Surgery, Queen Mary University, London, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113013502","display_name":"Muhammad Haider Naqvi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799678268","display_name":"Pakistan Army","ror":"https://ror.org/0310kd428","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799678268"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Haider Naqvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Surgery, District Head Quarters (DHQ) Hospital, Faisalabad, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Surgery, District Head Quarters (DHQ) Hospital, Faisalabad, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799678268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116774175","display_name":"Muhammad Zarar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zarar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Medicine, Novocare International Hospital and Research Center, Sargodha, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Medicine, Novocare International Hospital and Research Center, Sargodha, PAK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117412377","display_name":"Fizza Chudhary","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fizza Chudhary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Medicine, Novocare International Hospital and Research Center, Sargodha, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Medicine, Novocare International Hospital and Research Center, Sargodha, PAK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093018427","display_name":"Bilal Qammar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7427-6612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7427-6612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800331022","display_name":"Shalamar Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01s776p02","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800331022"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilal Qammar","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Surgery, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Surgery, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800331022"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76753976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"e81091","last_page":"e81091"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10231","display_name":"Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10231","display_name":"Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10754","display_name":"Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10760","display_name":"Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreaticoduodenectomy","display_name":"pancreaticoduodenectomy","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distal-pancreatectomy","display_name":"distal pancreatectomy","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreatic-cancer","display_name":"pancreatic cancer","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreatic-head-tumor","display_name":"pancreatic head tumor","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreatic-body-and-tail-tumors","display_name":"pancreatic body and tail tumors","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival-rate","display_name":"survival rate","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-complications","display_name":"postoperative complications","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreatic-fistula","display_name":"pancreatic fistula","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-gastric-emptying","display_name":"delayed gastric emptying","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymph-node-dissection","display_name":"lymph node dissection","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-readmission","display_name":"hospital readmission","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/splenectomy","display_name":"splenectomy","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-infection","display_name":"postoperative infection","score":0.7749999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9873101711273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780210213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212961","display_name":"Pancreatic cancer","level":3,"score":0.8006219863891602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778494859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3361964","display_name":"Pancreatectomy","level":3,"score":0.6636075973510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908590181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266423","display_name":"Whipple Procedure","level":4,"score":0.5966796278953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81182388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963","display_name":"Complication","level":2,"score":0.5657678842544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017722928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3361964","display_name":"Distal pancreatectomy","level":3,"score":0.4825379252433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61434518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932510","display_name":"General surgery","level":1,"score":0.44781965017318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4445647895336151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019894029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Overall survival","level":2,"score":0.4396418631076813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778975757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266423","display_name":"Pancreaticoduodenectomy","level":3,"score":0.4329123795032501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Survival rate","level":2,"score":0.42333975434303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.4181179106235504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.34919437766075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17078201","display_name":"Resection","level":2,"score":0.16235095262527466}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.81091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.81091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.81091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40271340","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40271340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12017584","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12017584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.81091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.81091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.81091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W366797586","https://openalex.org/W1486056715","https://openalex.org/W2025572445","https://openalex.org/W2044211072","https://openalex.org/W2058296095","https://openalex.org/W2071109330","https://openalex.org/W2076408358","https://openalex.org/W2092078253","https://openalex.org/W2153506090","https://openalex.org/W2161860871","https://openalex.org/W2170860769","https://openalex.org/W2367901159","https://openalex.org/W2461093784","https://openalex.org/W2503796301","https://openalex.org/W2565595087","https://openalex.org/W2580795184","https://openalex.org/W2741375122","https://openalex.org/W2792168427","https://openalex.org/W3120371052","https://openalex.org/W4229373904","https://openalex.org/W4285728275","https://openalex.org/W4377046817","https://openalex.org/W4386776604","https://openalex.org/W4392478661","https://openalex.org/W4404600229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2733799854","https://openalex.org/W2022097280","https://openalex.org/W3167731070","https://openalex.org/W4390767592","https://openalex.org/W2016181056","https://openalex.org/W2521049247","https://openalex.org/W2766085654","https://openalex.org/W2724129713","https://openalex.org/W2949299095","https://openalex.org/W2914840183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Pancreatic":[1],"cancer":[2],"remains":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,24,39,94,127,188,259,301,316],"the":[6,25,32,40,84,92,95,110,210,229,238,276,298,305,314],"most":[7],"aggressive":[8],"and":[9,30,36,61,90,232,265,286],"challenging":[10,233],"malignancies":[11],"to":[12,28,71,88,145,175,222,297],"treat,":[13],"with":[14,48,123,164,237,282],"limited":[15],"options":[16],"for":[17,246,273,308],"curative":[18],"interventions.":[19],"OBJECTIVE:":[20],"The":[21,99,116,206,242],"basic":[22],"aim":[23],"study":[26,55,207],"is":[27,280],"find":[29],"compare":[31,91],"efficacy,":[33],"survival":[34,253,294],"rates,":[35],"complication":[37],"rates":[38],"Whipple":[41,239,243],"procedure":[42],"versus":[43],"distal":[44,270,311],"pancreatectomy":[45,312],"in":[46,131,159,201,215,225,275,310],"patients":[47,101,162,204],"pancreatic":[49,247,266],"cancer.":[50],"METHODOLOGY:":[51],"This":[52],"retrospective":[53],"observational":[54],"was":[56,119,157,213],"conducted":[57],"at":[58,218],"Pakistan":[59],"Kidney":[60],"Liver":[62],"Institute,":[63],"Lahore.":[64],"Patients":[65],"were":[66,75,81,102,136,199],"enrolled":[67],"from":[68,77,83],"November":[69,72],"2018":[70],"2019.":[73],"Data":[74,80],"collected":[76,82],"30":[78,100],"patients.":[79],"patient's":[85],"medical":[86],"records":[87],"evaluate":[89],"outcomes":[93,295],"two":[96,105,223],"surgical":[97,111,284],"approaches.":[98],"categorized":[103],"into":[104],"equal":[106],"groups":[107],"based":[108],"on":[109,138],"intervention":[112],"they":[113],"received.":[114],"RESULTS:":[115],"mean":[117,126,186],"age":[118],"comparable":[120],"between":[121],"groups,":[122],"an":[124],"overall":[125],"59.5":[128],"years.":[129],"Tumors":[130],"Group":[132,146,165,176,181,194,216,226],"A":[133,166,182,217],"(Whipple":[134],"procedure)":[135],"larger":[137],"average":[139],"(3.8":[140],"\u00b1":[141,151],"1.2":[142],"cm)":[143],"compared":[144,174,221],"B":[147,177,195],"(distal":[148],"pancreatectomy;":[149],"3.2":[150],"1.1":[152],"cm).":[153],"Lymph":[154],"node":[155],"involvement":[156],"observed":[158],"16":[160],"(53.3%)":[161],"overall,":[163],"showing":[167],"a":[168,184,256],"slightly":[169],"higher":[170,185,214,257],"rate":[171,212],"(nine,":[172],"60%)":[173],"(seven,":[178],"46.7%).":[179],"Additionally,":[180,304],"had":[183],"number":[187],"lymph":[189],"nodes":[190],"removed":[191],"(18)":[192],"than":[193],"(15),":[196],"while":[197],"comorbidities":[198],"reported":[200],"11":[202],"(36.7%)":[203],"overall.":[205],"found":[208],"that":[209],"readmission":[211],"three":[219],"(20%),":[220],"(13.3%)":[224],"B,":[227],"reflecting":[228],"more":[230],"complex":[231],"postoperative":[234,317],"course":[235],"associated":[236,281],"procedure.":[240],"CONCLUSION:":[241],"procedure,":[244],"performed":[245],"head":[248],"tumors,":[249],"offers":[250],"better":[251],"long-term":[252],"but":[254,289],"carries":[255],"risk":[258,315],"complications,":[260],"including":[261],"delayed":[262],"gastric":[263],"emptying":[264],"fistulas.":[267],"In":[268],"contrast,":[269],"pancreatectomy,":[271],"used":[272],"tumors":[274],"body":[277],"or":[278],"tail,":[279],"lower":[283],"complexity":[285],"fewer":[287],"complications":[288],"may":[290],"have":[291],"less":[292],"favorable":[293],"due":[296],"later-stage":[299],"presentation":[300],"these":[302],"tumors.":[303],"frequent":[306],"need":[307],"splenectomy":[309],"increases":[313],"infections.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
