{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408564508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3552637","title":"Unified Impedance Model of Four-Port Network for Bipolar Overhead Lines in Parallel Multi-Terminal DC Transmission System","display_name":"Unified Impedance Model of Four-Port Network for Bipolar Overhead Lines in Parallel Multi-Terminal DC Transmission System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408564508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3552637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3552637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3552637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3552637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203966947","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","issn_l":"0885-8977","issn":["0885-8977","1937-4208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011260236","display_name":"Shunliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-8295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-8295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-8295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qi Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6311-2806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6311-2806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6311-2806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074833024","display_name":"Tianyu Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-5441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-5441"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Wenzhou Electric Power Supply Company, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Wenzhou Electric Power Supply Company, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036142692","display_name":"Junpeng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-6592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-6592","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0829-6683"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junpeng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-6592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018205273","display_name":"Hao Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-4200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-4200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-4200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062014415","display_name":"Maolan Peng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74872605","display_name":"China Southern Power Grid (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03hkh9419","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maolan Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Extra High Voltage Power Transmission Company of China Southern Power Grid Company, Ltd, Guangzhou, China","Extra High Voltage Power Transmission Company of China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Extra High Voltage Power Transmission Company of China Southern Power Grid Company, Ltd, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Extra High Voltage Power Transmission Company of China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02463038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"3","first_page":"1448","last_page":"1458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9199000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9199000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.038600001484155655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.02850000001490116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-terminal-dc-transmission","display_name":"multi-terminal DC transmission","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead-transmission-lines","display_name":"overhead transmission lines","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/four-port-network","display_name":"four-port network","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-model","display_name":"impedance model","score":0.8370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.6528589725494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.6289058923721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.604739785194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.597406268119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.5189375877380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5104367136955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4640309810638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45866715908050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.423144668340683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76450673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5384722","display_name":"Equivalent impedance transforms","level":3,"score":0.4127888083457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38119709491729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22178590297698975}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3552637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3552637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2025.3552637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203966947","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","issn_l":"0885-8977","issn":["0885-8977","1937-4208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3598003802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51977135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045512940","https://openalex.org/W2124168238","https://openalex.org/W2165656817","https://openalex.org/W2172696553","https://openalex.org/W2485804963","https://openalex.org/W2724370523","https://openalex.org/W2751703351","https://openalex.org/W2768971351","https://openalex.org/W2803838140","https://openalex.org/W2883395817","https://openalex.org/W2898235340","https://openalex.org/W2906661918","https://openalex.org/W2911721966","https://openalex.org/W2997502275","https://openalex.org/W3007178623","https://openalex.org/W3008862636","https://openalex.org/W3009013708","https://openalex.org/W3036153220","https://openalex.org/W3094473762","https://openalex.org/W3158597070","https://openalex.org/W3163219941","https://openalex.org/W4255085264","https://openalex.org/W4285138178","https://openalex.org/W4322154829","https://openalex.org/W4390416370","https://openalex.org/W4390418672","https://openalex.org/W4390905199","https://openalex.org/W4394805353","https://openalex.org/W4396877980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147566842","https://openalex.org/W2554043195","https://openalex.org/W4387060272","https://openalex.org/W4389481270","https://openalex.org/W3092564469","https://openalex.org/W2610611105","https://openalex.org/W4200603180","https://openalex.org/W3146009781","https://openalex.org/W4389316470","https://openalex.org/W2099284870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,97,115,149],"various":[2,78],"operating":[3],"modes":[4],"of":[5,19,28,43,57,89,93,102,123,132,145,155],"parallel":[6],"bipolar":[7,72,94,133,146,159],"multi-terminal":[8],"DC":[9,62,73,134,147],"transmission":[10],"systems,":[11],"among":[12],"which":[13],"there":[14],"is":[15,33,51,80,162],"an":[16],"asymmetric":[17,65,113,197],"condition":[18],"unipolar-bipolar":[20],"hybrid":[21],"form.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24,118],"case,":[25,38],"the":[26,31,36,40,44,55,61,83,90,100,103,110,121,124,136,165,173,178,192],"distribution":[27],"harmonics":[29],"on":[30,60,169],"line":[32],"different":[34],"from":[35,120],"normal":[37],"and":[39,86,127,141,182],"equivalent":[41,87],"impedance":[42,69,153],"mode-domain":[45,104],"loops":[46],"obtained":[47],"by":[48],"pole-mode":[49,138],"transformation":[50,143],"changed.":[52],"To":[53],"solve":[54,177],"problem":[56],"harmonic":[58,179],"analysis":[59,111,181],"side":[63],"under":[64,196],"conditions,":[66],"a":[67],"unified":[68,152],"model":[70,85,154,175],"for":[71,158],"overhead":[74,160],"lines":[75,96,148,161],"applicable":[76],"to":[77],"conditions":[79,114],"proposed.":[81,150],"Firstly,":[82],"decoupling":[84],"circuit":[88],"mode":[91],"domain":[92],"symmetrical":[95],"explained.":[98],"Then,":[99],"limitations":[101],"component":[105],"superposition":[106],"calculation":[107],"method":[108],"in":[109,191],"with":[112,186],"revealed.":[116],"On":[117],"basis,":[119],"perspective":[122],"dual":[125,128],"input":[126],"output":[129],"port":[130],"network":[131,157],"lines,":[135],"four-port":[137,156],"conversion":[139],"relationship":[140],"fourth-order":[142],"matrix":[144],"A":[151],"established.":[163],"Finally,":[164],"simulation":[166],"results":[167],"based":[168],"PSCAD":[170],"show":[171],"that":[172],"proposed":[174],"can":[176],"transfer":[180],"exhibit":[183],"good":[184],"reliability,":[185],"at":[187],"least":[188],"5%":[189],"reduction":[190],"average":[193],"relative":[194],"error":[195],"conditions.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}