{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408558575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824604849","title":"Groundwater Quality Variations during Wet and Dry Seasons in Agricultural and Forested Areas in the Philippines","display_name":"Groundwater Quality Variations during Wet and Dry Seasons in Agricultural and Forested Areas in the Philippines","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408558575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824604849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1134/s0097807824604849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824604849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824604849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64507413","display_name":"Water Resources","issn_l":"0097-8078","issn":["0097-8078","1608-344X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320267","host_organization_name":"Pleiades Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320267","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pleiades Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077845607","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Velasco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87074743","display_name":"University of the Philippines Diliman","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbh6y23","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashemir B. Velasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056940315","display_name":"Francis S. Magbanua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-373X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-373X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87074743","display_name":"University of the Philippines Diliman","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbh6y23","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis S. Magbanua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jayson S. del Rosario","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87074743","display_name":"University of the Philippines Diliman","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbh6y23","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayson S. del Rosario","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines","Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jacquilyn L. Estrada","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87074743","display_name":"University of the Philippines Diliman","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbh6y23","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacquilyn L. Estrada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines","Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116675032","display_name":"John Kenneth R. Fraga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1096-7247","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1096-7247"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87074743","display_name":"University of the Philippines Diliman","ror":"https://ror.org/03tbh6y23","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Kenneth R. Fraga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075454197","display_name":"Jeremy P. Mondejar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2897-5996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2897-5996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133213403","display_name":"Cebu Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x649j07","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133213403"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy P. Mondejar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Cebu Technological University, Barili Campus, Barili, 6036, Cebu, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Cebu Technological University, Barili Campus, Barili, 6036, Cebu, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133213403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005576196","display_name":"Jhomee Fe F. Sapitan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184791757","display_name":"Benguet State University","ror":"https://ror.org/037wmkw40","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184791757"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jhomee Fe Jaja F. Sapitan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Benguet State University, 2601, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Benguet State University, 2601, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184791757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116675034","display_name":"Ismael P. Geroza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203854029","display_name":"Central Luzon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qf7df19","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203854029"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismael P. Geroza","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Fisheries, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Mu\u00f1oz, 3119, Mu\u00f1oz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Fisheries, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Mu\u00f1oz, 3119, Mu\u00f1oz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203854029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116675035","display_name":"Gemalyn L. Tenoc","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259764","display_name":"Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College","ror":"https://ror.org/02p7qvj25","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259764"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gemalyn L. Tenoc","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Teacher Education, Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College, Tagudin Campus, 2714, Tagudin, Ilocos Sur, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Teacher Education, Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College, Tagudin Campus, 2714, Tagudin, Ilocos Sur, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047025330","display_name":"Daniel Edison M. Husana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120108168","display_name":"University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os","ror":"https://ror.org/030s54078","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103911934","https://openalex.org/I120108168"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Edison M. Husana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os, 4031, Laguna, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os, 4031, Laguna, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120108168"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077845607"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87074743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5559,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55615818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"S2","first_page":"S293","last_page":"S305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.9380000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.9380000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12773","display_name":"Water Quality and Resources Studies","score":0.060499999672174454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10398","display_name":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-quality","display_name":"groundwater quality","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-impacts","display_name":"land use effects","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-land","display_name":"agricultural land","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forests","display_name":"forests","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolved-organic-carbon","display_name":"dissolved organic carbon","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductivity","display_name":"electrical conductivity","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-temperature","display_name":"water temperature","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolved-oxygen","display_name":"dissolved oxygen","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph","display_name":"pH","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatiotemporal-variation","display_name":"spatiotemporal variation","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philippines","display_name":"Philippines","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33556824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179509","display_name":"Hydrogeology","level":2,"score":0.783602237701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.6958755850791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.6757819652557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.672613799571991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6334474086761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.5740902423858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.534583568572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9777977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146575","display_name":"Dry season","level":2,"score":0.4712187349796295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2976890206336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2006145417690277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10631135106086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09329149127006531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06680309772491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.06224822998046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1134/s0097807824604849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824604849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807824604849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64507413","display_name":"Water Resources","issn_l":"0097-8078","issn":["0097-8078","1608-344X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320267","host_organization_name":"Pleiades Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320267","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pleiades Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.965499997138977}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273506308","https://openalex.org/W820384503","https://openalex.org/W1821951801","https://openalex.org/W1831390939","https://openalex.org/W1865496764","https://openalex.org/W1925649791","https://openalex.org/W1970606347","https://openalex.org/W1981188579","https://openalex.org/W1989051154","https://openalex.org/W1991403878","https://openalex.org/W1998201154","https://openalex.org/W1998221431","https://openalex.org/W2001873620","https://openalex.org/W2011239787","https://openalex.org/W2023093116","https://openalex.org/W2024031886","https://openalex.org/W2028529763","https://openalex.org/W2034115049","https://openalex.org/W2038913727","https://openalex.org/W2051447204","https://openalex.org/W2057430713","https://openalex.org/W2062348305","https://openalex.org/W2079986315","https://openalex.org/W2083037781","https://openalex.org/W2087703702","https://openalex.org/W2088959110","https://openalex.org/W2092733815","https://openalex.org/W2094915443","https://openalex.org/W2101717578","https://openalex.org/W2109451010","https://openalex.org/W2109721388","https://openalex.org/W2114106408","https://openalex.org/W2117311658","https://openalex.org/W2119902141","https://openalex.org/W2134892167","https://openalex.org/W2146564613","https://openalex.org/W2155347783","https://openalex.org/W2156558129","https://openalex.org/W2158532256","https://openalex.org/W2164589385","https://openalex.org/W2164901809","https://openalex.org/W2184923134","https://openalex.org/W2273662926","https://openalex.org/W2556365475","https://openalex.org/W2607037871","https://openalex.org/W2613554131","https://openalex.org/W2724923815","https://openalex.org/W2763825724","https://openalex.org/W2884157098","https://openalex.org/W2885404215","https://openalex.org/W2891145552","https://openalex.org/W2919503055","https://openalex.org/W2921326020","https://openalex.org/W2945102129","https://openalex.org/W2945406083","https://openalex.org/W2948006947","https://openalex.org/W2963066203","https://openalex.org/W2964793895","https://openalex.org/W2964946495","https://openalex.org/W2982227043","https://openalex.org/W2988557219","https://openalex.org/W2994244611","https://openalex.org/W3005204435","https://openalex.org/W3023108150","https://openalex.org/W3023627710","https://openalex.org/W3024130692","https://openalex.org/W3083502164","https://openalex.org/W3085023278","https://openalex.org/W3093303545","https://openalex.org/W3117662703","https://openalex.org/W3138005210","https://openalex.org/W3195594131","https://openalex.org/W4205365550","https://openalex.org/W4253827678","https://openalex.org/W4308596761","https://openalex.org/W4311171743","https://openalex.org/W4391887441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4327815202","https://openalex.org/W7161854577","https://openalex.org/W7117479318","https://openalex.org/W7203871070","https://openalex.org/W4245112236","https://openalex.org/W4405424745","https://openalex.org/W2970111364","https://openalex.org/W3113425948","https://openalex.org/W4200025561","https://openalex.org/W7221257484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,182],"study":[2,161,183],"analyzed":[3],"the":[4,10,26,48,63,89,109,129,133,163,170,180,194],"variations":[5,172],"in":[6,9,20,25,122,173,176,193],"groundwater":[7,90,110,124,174,187],"quality":[8,175,188],"Philippines.":[11,195],"Groundwater":[12],"samples":[13],"were":[14,45],"collected":[15],"from":[16],"wells":[17],"and":[18,22,35,43,54,78,118,190],"springs":[19],"agricultural":[21],"forested":[23],"areas":[24],"provinces":[27],"of":[28,132,179],"Ilocos":[29],"Sur,":[30],"Benguet,":[31],"Nueva":[32],"Ecija,":[33],"Cebu,":[34],"Davao":[36],"del":[37],"Norte.":[38],"Temperature,":[39],"pH,":[40],"DO,":[41,150],"EC,":[42],"DOC":[44],"measured":[46],"during":[47],"dry":[49],"(March":[50],"to":[51,57,168],"May":[52],"2022)":[53,59],"wet":[55],"(June":[56],"October":[58],"seasons.":[60],"Based":[61],"on":[62,88,108],"MANOVA,":[64],"there":[65,93],"was":[66,94],"an":[67],"overall":[68],"land":[69,96,116],"use":[70,97,117],"(Wilks\u2019s":[71,80,101],"\u03bb":[72,81,102],"=":[73,82,103,106],"0.00867,":[74],"p":[75,84,105],"<":[76,85],"0.001)":[77],"season":[79,99,119],"0.695,":[83],"0.005)":[86],"effect":[87,100],"quality.":[91,111,125],"Nonetheless,":[92],"no":[95],"by":[98],"0.947,":[104],"0.770)":[107],"These":[112],"findings":[113],"suggest":[114],"that":[115,128],"are":[120],"crucial":[121],"shaping":[123],"PCA":[126],"indicated":[127],"cumulative":[130],"variability":[131],"components":[134],"having":[135],"eigenvalues":[136],"\u22651.00":[137],"is":[138],"68.67%.":[139],"Component":[140,152],"1":[141],"represents":[142,154],"a":[143,155],"positive":[144],"association":[145,157],"with":[146,158],"all":[147],"parameters":[148],"except":[149],"while":[151],"2":[153],"negative":[156],"DOC.":[159],"This":[160],"highlights":[162],"need":[164],"for":[165],"further":[166],"research":[167],"establish":[169],"spatiotemporal":[171],"several":[177],"parts":[178],"country.":[181],"also":[184],"recommends":[185],"refining":[186],"assessment":[189],"monitoring":[191],"methods":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-03-19T00:00:00"}