{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408449331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","title":"Synergistic effects of biochar and plants can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from salt affected soil","display_name":"Synergistic effects of biochar and plants can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from salt affected soil","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408449331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40087474","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11909118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045099133","display_name":"Dwarika Bhattarai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-693X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-693X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dwarika Bhattarai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113317397","display_name":"Shailesh Pandit","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shailesh Pandit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037031202","display_name":"Rojina Kafle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rojina Kafle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085647851","display_name":"Thandiwe Nleya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2969-0194","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2969-0194"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thandiwe Nleya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA. Thandiwe.Nleya@sdstate.edu","Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA. Thandiwe.Nleya@sdstate.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075812825","display_name":"David E. Clay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David E. Clay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021923554","display_name":"Sharon A. Clay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-6995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-6995"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sharon A. Clay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA. sharon.clay@sdstate.edu","Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA. sharon.clay@sdstate.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021923554","https://openalex.org/A5085647851"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":2.297,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8612823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"8879","last_page":"8879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar","display_name":"biochar","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-affected-soils","display_name":"salt-affected soils","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrous-oxide-emissions","display_name":"nitrous oxide emissions","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barley","display_name":"barley","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover-crops","display_name":"cover crops","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nirk-gene","display_name":"nirK gene","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosz-gene","display_name":"nosZ","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrification","display_name":"nitrification","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-respiration","display_name":"soil respiration","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synergistic-effect","display_name":"synergistic effect","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-nitrogen-cycling","display_name":"soil nitrogen cycling","score":0.3070000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.9720070362091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.8631831407546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6574020385742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12370","display_name":"Salt (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5373479723930359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32198211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165044","display_name":"Greenhouse","level":2,"score":0.5163356065750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137851953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41560","display_name":"Greenhouse effect","level":4,"score":0.4637919068336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.425651878118515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.37552666664123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.33104372024536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.29004403948783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.24185815453529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.1759876310825348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.1717088222503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13913947343826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.13848021626472473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.10022240877151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0919468104839325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000074382","descriptor_name":"Greenhouse Gases","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000074382","descriptor_name":"Greenhouse Gases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001467","descriptor_name":"Hordeum","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001467","descriptor_name":"Hordeum","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001467","descriptor_name":"Hordeum","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002606","descriptor_name":"Charcoal","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002606","descriptor_name":"Charcoal","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009609","descriptor_name":"Nitrous Oxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009609","descriptor_name":"Nitrous Oxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11909118","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11909118/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11909118/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10725069","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11909118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:40087474","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40087474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0efcd2da6b3f4ffc9ab6bfe919c07674","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0efcd2da6b3f4ffc9ab6bfe919c07674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93198-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.9599999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7142999768257141,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1087099342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NR233A750011G019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332782","funder_display_name":"Natural Resources Conservation Service"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7589653224","display_name":"South Dakota Rushmore Initiative for Excellence in Research","funder_award_id":"0091948","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7866275656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0091948","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338283","funder_display_name":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310344","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332782","display_name":"Natural Resources Conservation Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7rgg33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338283","display_name":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04k9mqs78"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408449331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408449331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571603220","https://openalex.org/W1595101876","https://openalex.org/W1964305498","https://openalex.org/W1973630232","https://openalex.org/W1977493254","https://openalex.org/W2037544532","https://openalex.org/W2037893757","https://openalex.org/W2062299216","https://openalex.org/W2079506117","https://openalex.org/W2093084544","https://openalex.org/W2096710218","https://openalex.org/W2098317128","https://openalex.org/W2114598127","https://openalex.org/W2149392746","https://openalex.org/W2188506105","https://openalex.org/W2193389693","https://openalex.org/W2258242373","https://openalex.org/W2485156110","https://openalex.org/W2524546530","https://openalex.org/W2526734541","https://openalex.org/W2559975385","https://openalex.org/W2800168215","https://openalex.org/W2902443429","https://openalex.org/W2907341282","https://openalex.org/W2911681501","https://openalex.org/W2927173361","https://openalex.org/W2999984000","https://openalex.org/W3035776657","https://openalex.org/W3084291069","https://openalex.org/W3146398195","https://openalex.org/W3196326653","https://openalex.org/W3199710485","https://openalex.org/W4205929955","https://openalex.org/W4280560077","https://openalex.org/W4285049446","https://openalex.org/W4292478948","https://openalex.org/W4310082950","https://openalex.org/W4315796702","https://openalex.org/W4353076840","https://openalex.org/W4386742237","https://openalex.org/W4391648835","https://openalex.org/W4392267390","https://openalex.org/W4392542549","https://openalex.org/W4394976539","https://openalex.org/W4396239011","https://openalex.org/W4399042904","https://openalex.org/W4399121897","https://openalex.org/W4401243170","https://openalex.org/W4401243274","https://openalex.org/W4401243585","https://openalex.org/W4401686486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412631141","https://openalex.org/W2804682245","https://openalex.org/W4292506058","https://openalex.org/W4392267390","https://openalex.org/W4389060524","https://openalex.org/W3209993505","https://openalex.org/W2024860541","https://openalex.org/W2751917743","https://openalex.org/W2475125866","https://openalex.org/W4392620471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Applying":[0],"biochar":[1,44,150,195],"and":[2,43,47,63,70,77,87,90,95,111,114,133,178],"using":[3],"cover":[4],"crops":[5],"are":[6],"two":[7],"potential":[8],"approaches":[9],"to":[10,35,99,157,171,183,189,206],"reduce":[11],"greenhouse":[12],"gas":[13],"(GHG)":[14],"emissions.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,32,37,54,64,120,135,158,165,174,198],"effectiveness":[18],"of":[19,39,66,122,137,167,176,186,202],"these":[20],"methods,":[21],"individually":[22],"or":[23],"in":[24,26,161,173,197],"combination,":[25],"salt-affected":[27,51],"soils":[28],"remains":[29],"unclear.":[30],"Thus,":[31],"objective":[33],"was":[34,155,169],"determine":[36],"impact":[38,151,166],"barley":[40,85,168,193],"(Hordeum":[41],"vulgare)":[42],"on":[45,152],"N2O":[46,153,187,203],"CO2":[48],"emissions":[49,59,92,106,154,204],"from":[50,97],"soil.":[52],"During":[53],"28-day":[55],"replicated":[56],"study,":[57],"GHG":[58],"were":[60,74],"measured":[61,75],"near-continuously":[62],"number":[65,121,136,175],"nirK,":[67],"nirS,":[68],"qnorB,":[69],"nosZ":[71,138,179],"gene":[72,124,139,180],"copies":[73,181],"12":[76,116],"28":[78],"days":[79],"after":[80],"planting":[81],"(DAP).":[82],"Biochar":[83],"accelerated":[84],"emergence":[86],"reduced":[88,104,119],"N2O\u2013N":[89,105],"CO2\u2013C":[91],"by":[93,107,131,147],"68%":[94],"44%":[96,159],"8":[98,110],"14":[100,112],"DAP,":[101,113],"respectively.":[102],"Barley":[103],"30.4%":[108],"between":[109],"at":[115],"DAP":[117],"it":[118],"nirK":[123,177],"copies,":[125,140],"that":[126,141],"encodes":[127,142],"for":[128,143],"nitrite":[129],"reductase":[130,146],"40.9%":[132],"increased":[134,184],"nitrous":[144],"oxide":[145],"193%.":[148],"The":[149],"attributed":[156,170],"reduction":[160,188,200],"soil":[162,207],"respiration,":[163],"whereas":[164],"changes":[172],"leading":[182],"efficiency":[185],"N2.":[190],"Overall,":[191],"combining":[192],"with":[194],"resulted":[196],"greatest":[199],"(85%)":[201],"compared":[205],"alone.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-03-15T00:00:00"}