{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408318723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119518297.eowe00330","title":"Sound Mergers in World Englishes","display_name":"Sound Mergers in World Englishes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408318723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119518297.eowe00330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781119518297.eowe00330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119518297.eowe00330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119518297.eowe00330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403986784","display_name":"The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040492060","display_name":"Raymond Hickey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2354-0205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2354-0205"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Hickey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Limerick"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Limerick","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040492060"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.8047000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.8047000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.0989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.08780000358819962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-englishes","display_name":"World Englishes","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-vowel-system","display_name":"English vowel system","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel-merger","display_name":"vowel merger","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonority","display_name":"sonority","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-change","display_name":"language change","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.5865603089332581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776331648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3545554","display_name":"World Englishes","level":2,"score":0.41432204842567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.37771594524383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3631877899169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2030797302722931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12366285920143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08712759613990784}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781119518297.eowe00330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119518297.eowe00330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119518297.eowe00330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W637031875","https://openalex.org/W656309685","https://openalex.org/W659550629","https://openalex.org/W1532828933","https://openalex.org/W1987342424","https://openalex.org/W2011236050","https://openalex.org/W2083884153","https://openalex.org/W2117940789","https://openalex.org/W2156587522","https://openalex.org/W2334901039","https://openalex.org/W2338327976","https://openalex.org/W2477298589","https://openalex.org/W2478761647","https://openalex.org/W2483081431","https://openalex.org/W2484590047","https://openalex.org/W2485242094","https://openalex.org/W2493141823","https://openalex.org/W2497443110","https://openalex.org/W2498967911","https://openalex.org/W2499259455","https://openalex.org/W2499680559","https://openalex.org/W2501526735","https://openalex.org/W2502462997","https://openalex.org/W2503491367","https://openalex.org/W2505776896","https://openalex.org/W2506090375","https://openalex.org/W2506169913","https://openalex.org/W2792499638","https://openalex.org/W3047261647","https://openalex.org/W4232540794","https://openalex.org/W4297981177","https://openalex.org/W4302779829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401160062","https://openalex.org/W980998765","https://openalex.org/W7043105352","https://openalex.org/W2255443975","https://openalex.org/W7061202081","https://openalex.org/W2036378327","https://openalex.org/W258897661","https://openalex.org/W2013734426","https://openalex.org/W7161569282","https://openalex.org/W4396546744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,22,28,31,34,56,61,64],"attested":[2],"history":[3],"and":[4,11,63],"spread":[5],"of":[6,17,33,39,77,79],"English,":[7],"many":[8],"mergers,":[9],"conditioned":[10],"non\u2010conditioned,":[12],"have":[13],"taken":[14],"place.":[15],"Some":[16],"these":[18],"involved":[19],"consonants,":[20],"such":[21],"which":[23],"=":[24],"witch":[25],"merger,":[26,45],"but":[27],"majority":[29],"affected":[30],"vowels":[32],"sound":[35,85],"system.":[36],"A":[37],"number":[38],"environments":[40],"are":[41,71],"particularly":[42],"susceptible":[43],"to":[44,55,101],"for":[46],"example,":[47],"in":[48],"pre\u2010rhotic":[49],"or":[50],"pre\u2010lateral":[51],"positions,":[52],"probably":[53],"due":[54],"low":[57],"sonority":[58],"difference":[59],"between":[60],"vowel":[62],"following":[65],"segment.":[66],"Many":[67],"mergers":[68],"at":[69],"present":[70],"shared":[72],"across":[73],"a":[74],"broad":[75],"spectrum":[76],"varieties":[78],"English":[80],"with":[81,93],"conservative":[82],"vernaculars":[83],"retaining":[84],"distinctions":[86],"longest.":[87],"This":[88],"would":[89],"suggest":[90],"that":[91],"communities":[92],"strong":[94],"internal":[95],"bonds":[96],"show":[97],"an":[98],"inherent":[99],"resistance":[100],"mergers.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-03-12T00:00:00"}
