{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408285290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13691","title":"Trade Margins and Firm\u2010Level Responses to Global Shocks: A Comparative Analysis of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and COVID \u201019 Pandemic in Kenya","display_name":"Trade Margins and Firm\u2010Level Responses to Global Shocks: A Comparative Analysis of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and COVID \u201019 Pandemic in Kenya","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408285290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/twec.13691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13691","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/twec.13691","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45372229","display_name":"World Economy","issn_l":"0378-5920","issn":["0378-5920","1467-9701"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/twec.13691","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077260709","display_name":"Socrates Kraido Majune","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-7284","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-7284"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Majune Kraido Socrates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Development Studies University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya","Department of Economics and Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-7284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Development Studies University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067043594","display_name":"Kemal T\u00fcrkcan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9055-7280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9055-7280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197907453","display_name":"Akdeniz University","ror":"https://ror.org/01m59r132","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kemal T\u00fcrkcan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey","Department of Economics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9055-7280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077260709"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8186,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96626021,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"6","first_page":"1194","last_page":"1215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-margins","display_name":"trade margins","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-margin","display_name":"intensive margin","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extensive-margin","display_name":"extensive margin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2008-financial-crisis","display_name":"2008 financial crisis","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-performance","display_name":"export performance","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/import-performance","display_name":"import performance","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-size","display_name":"firm size","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-attributes","display_name":"product attributes","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-value-chains","display_name":"global value chains","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-policy","display_name":"trade policy","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.6629999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.7598153352737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778300220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114380","display_name":"Financial crisis","level":2,"score":0.7243444323539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6151891946792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6143632531166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5730991363525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.5017149448394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.48147764801979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46657001972198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4585426151752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.35265886783599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34867438673973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1698499619960785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/twec.13691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13691","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/twec.13691","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45372229","display_name":"World Economy","issn_l":"0378-5920","issn":["0378-5920","1467-9701"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/twec.13691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13691","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/twec.13691","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45372229","display_name":"World Economy","issn_l":"0378-5920","issn":["0378-5920","1467-9701"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.833299994468689}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307855","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408285290.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408285290.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540146943","https://openalex.org/W1585662811","https://openalex.org/W1836308511","https://openalex.org/W2015297737","https://openalex.org/W2069994739","https://openalex.org/W2103652617","https://openalex.org/W2109250919","https://openalex.org/W2123253124","https://openalex.org/W2134291350","https://openalex.org/W2136693633","https://openalex.org/W2137192516","https://openalex.org/W2172219692","https://openalex.org/W2216249115","https://openalex.org/W2246320821","https://openalex.org/W2259582913","https://openalex.org/W2890320665","https://openalex.org/W2891485059","https://openalex.org/W3001392784","https://openalex.org/W3021471202","https://openalex.org/W3031738512","https://openalex.org/W3045234511","https://openalex.org/W3087058819","https://openalex.org/W3092369656","https://openalex.org/W3092375527","https://openalex.org/W3107390869","https://openalex.org/W3117822084","https://openalex.org/W3121190329","https://openalex.org/W3122154853","https://openalex.org/W3123973165","https://openalex.org/W3125665308","https://openalex.org/W3133379693","https://openalex.org/W3135257712","https://openalex.org/W3135827963","https://openalex.org/W3177338367","https://openalex.org/W3184840393","https://openalex.org/W3199833004","https://openalex.org/W3205771174","https://openalex.org/W3208551866","https://openalex.org/W4206842245","https://openalex.org/W4212844305","https://openalex.org/W4221116532","https://openalex.org/W4238389367","https://openalex.org/W4241911350","https://openalex.org/W4281492307","https://openalex.org/W4285044028","https://openalex.org/W4285396842","https://openalex.org/W4304091934","https://openalex.org/W4306866820","https://openalex.org/W4312101792","https://openalex.org/W4376274592","https://openalex.org/W4383893462","https://openalex.org/W4385326551","https://openalex.org/W4385766519","https://openalex.org/W4386436011","https://openalex.org/W4386714200","https://openalex.org/W4388020665","https://openalex.org/W4388046423","https://openalex.org/W4388625522","https://openalex.org/W4390292016","https://openalex.org/W4391681262","https://openalex.org/W4391848358","https://openalex.org/W4392371685","https://openalex.org/W4399291624","https://openalex.org/W4401633821","https://openalex.org/W4402099267","https://openalex.org/W4403458003","https://openalex.org/W4405097218","https://openalex.org/W4406333535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125011624","https://openalex.org/W1508631387","https://openalex.org/W2370917603","https://openalex.org/W2952760143","https://openalex.org/W2017776670","https://openalex.org/W2109336145","https://openalex.org/W373218569","https://openalex.org/W2530106432","https://openalex.org/W1589616774","https://openalex.org/W2981196688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,168],"examines":[3],"how":[4],"the":[5,12,23,43,50,53,62,65,72,76,83,106,110,118,122,144,170,174],"2008/2009":[6],"global":[7,148],"financial":[8],"crisis":[9],"(GFC)":[10],"and":[11,19,39,46,52,94,128,151,157],"COVID\u201019":[13,54],"pandemic":[14,119],"differentially":[15],"impacted":[16],"Kenya's":[17],"export":[18,45],"import":[20,47],"performance":[21,136,164],"at":[22],"firm":[24],"level.":[25],"Utilising":[26],"monthly":[27],"firm\u2010level":[28,162],"customs":[29],"data":[30],"from":[31],"2006":[32],"to":[33,178],"2022,":[34],"we":[35],"decompose":[36],"trade":[37,59,135,163],"margins":[38],"identify":[40],"determinants":[41,133],"of":[42,86,134,147,172,176],"mid\u2010point":[44,84],"growth":[48,85],"during":[49,71,97,105,109,117,121,137,165,186],"GFC":[51,107],"pandemic.":[55],"Findings":[56],"reveal":[57],"distinct":[58],"patterns":[60],"between":[61],"crises,":[63,74],"with":[64],"intensive":[66],"margin":[67,78],"primarily":[68],"affecting":[69],"exports":[70,93,101],"two":[73],"while":[75],"extensive":[77],"was":[79],"more":[80,103,115],"critical":[81],"in":[82,160,181],"imports.":[87],"Regression":[88],"results":[89],"show":[90],"that":[91],"both":[92,98,138,155],"imports":[95,113,177],"declined":[96,114],"crises.":[99,139,166,188],"However,":[100],"contracted":[102],"significantly":[104],"than":[108,120],"pandemic,":[111],"whereas":[112],"sharply":[116],"GFC.":[123],"Firm":[124],"size,":[125],"product":[126],"characteristics,":[127],"partner\u2010country":[129],"attributes":[130],"were":[131],"significant":[132],"These":[140],"findings":[141],"further":[142],"highlight":[143],"crucial":[145],"role":[146],"value":[149],"chains":[150],"government":[152],"policies":[153],"(including":[154],"restrictions":[156],"economic":[158,187],"support)":[159],"shaping":[161],"The":[167],"underscores":[169],"importance":[171],"addressing":[173],"sensitivity":[175],"shocks":[179],"and,":[180],"turn,":[182],"mitigating":[183],"demand\u2010side":[184],"frictions":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}