{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408225532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-025-02712-5","title":"Business registration from inception and employment indicators using causal machine learning","display_name":"Business registration from inception and employment indicators using causal machine learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408225532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-025-02712-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00181-025-02712-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-025-02712-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-025-02712-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178258306","display_name":"Empirical Economics","issn_l":"0377-7332","issn":["0377-7332","1435-8921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024281436","display_name":"Obinna Franklin Ezeibekwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-4823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-4823"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Obinna Franklin Ezeibekwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-4823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024281436"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"],"apc_list":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03665489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"6","first_page":"2933","last_page":"2975"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.7548999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.7548999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.04500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.04360000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-registration","display_name":"business registration","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-formalization","display_name":"business formalization","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-employment","display_name":"firm employment","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-creation","display_name":"job creation","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-heterogeneity","display_name":"treatment effect heterogeneity","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/average-treatment-effect","display_name":"average treatment effect","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-regulation","display_name":"labor regulation","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-capital","display_name":"access to capital","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property-protection","display_name":"intellectual property protection","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-employment","display_name":"youth employment","score":0.9430000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.41737979650497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4012569785118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.36752718687057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35254305601119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3387926518917084}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00181-025-02712-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-025-02712-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-025-02712-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178258306","display_name":"Empirical Economics","issn_l":"0377-7332","issn":["0377-7332","1435-8921"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W229983646","https://openalex.org/W1539576063","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1927147977","https://openalex.org/W1968368931","https://openalex.org/W2019691422","https://openalex.org/W2047142410","https://openalex.org/W2071941677","https://openalex.org/W2121640619","https://openalex.org/W2130264014","https://openalex.org/W2131228431","https://openalex.org/W2133868162","https://openalex.org/W2139577967","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2152849583","https://openalex.org/W2163515908","https://openalex.org/W2305754340","https://openalex.org/W2486709759","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2512732758","https://openalex.org/W2687528550","https://openalex.org/W2743314923","https://openalex.org/W2797483818","https://openalex.org/W2807810856","https://openalex.org/W2906989063","https://openalex.org/W2922705140","https://openalex.org/W2962792063","https://openalex.org/W3012049692","https://openalex.org/W3023965449","https://openalex.org/W3033037351","https://openalex.org/W3123939061","https://openalex.org/W4210517946","https://openalex.org/W4254687493","https://openalex.org/W4379802528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136676645","https://openalex.org/W7204894223","https://openalex.org/W2181919196","https://openalex.org/W4362475730","https://openalex.org/W2558796270","https://openalex.org/W2740265090","https://openalex.org/W4241878314","https://openalex.org/W2518729062","https://openalex.org/W7131282463","https://openalex.org/W4400651121"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-03-08T00:00:00"}