{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408123788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","title":"Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin-specific IgG titres among infants born to mothers with active tuberculosis disease in Uganda","display_name":"Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin-specific IgG titres among infants born to mothers with active tuberculosis disease in Uganda","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408123788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40038578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127311448","display_name":"BMC Immunology","issn_l":"1471-2172","issn":["1471-2172"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094058581","display_name":"Diana Sitenda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-2819","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-2819"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diana Sitenda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. dianasitenda@gmail.com","Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda. dianasitenda@gmail.com","Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. dianasitenda@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda. dianasitenda@gmail.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071051530","display_name":"Phillip Ssekamatte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3418-8414","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3418-8414"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phillip Ssekamatte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093261836","display_name":"Rose Nakavuma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6707-0540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6707-0540"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rose Nakavuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009111596","display_name":"Andrew Peter Kyazze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-4510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-4510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Peter Kyazze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028018224","display_name":"Felix Bongomin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4515-8517","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4515-8517","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-0755"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133388076","display_name":"Gulu University","ror":"https://ror.org/042vepq05","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133388076"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Bongomin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University (GU), Gulu, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University (GU), Gulu, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133388076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014635530","display_name":"Joseph Baruch Baluku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-9674","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-9674"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405277452","display_name":"MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/02qzk8434","country_code":"UG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210089966","https://openalex.org/I4405277452","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91369620","display_name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04509n826","country_code":"UG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91369620"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Baruch Baluku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonology, Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda","Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonology, Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277452","https://openalex.org/I91369620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090013448","display_name":"Rose Nabatanzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7033-2241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7033-2241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rose Nabatanzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043048345","display_name":"Davis Kibirige","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5127-3031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5127-3031"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davis Kibirige","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Uganda Martyrs' Hospital Lubaga, Kampala, Uganda","Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Uganda Martyrs' Hospital Lubaga, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029089921","display_name":"Robert John Wilkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-1800","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-1800","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-5217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801081054","display_name":"The Francis Crick Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04tnbqb63","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801081054"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Wilkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Diseases Imperial College London, London, UK","Francis Crick Institute, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Francis Crick Institute, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801081054"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084836426","display_name":"Annettee Nakimuli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2806-0243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2806-0243"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annettee Nakimuli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059544767","display_name":"Stephen Cose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-037X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-037X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405277452","display_name":"MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/02qzk8434","country_code":"UG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210089966","https://openalex.org/I4405277452","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91369620","display_name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04509n826","country_code":"UG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91369620"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Cose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277452","https://openalex.org/I91369620"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075679477","display_name":"Irene Andia Biraro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8303-6046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8303-6046"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Andia-Biraro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tuberculosis and Comorbidities Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5094058581"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.7043,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64896127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.13279999792575836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-tuberculosis","display_name":"maternal tuberculosis","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetanus-toxoid","display_name":"tetanus toxoid","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diphtheria-toxoid","display_name":"diphtheria toxoid","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measles-vaccine","display_name":"measles vaccine","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infants","display_name":"infants","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uganda","display_name":"Uganda","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.6759532690048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6282173991203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.6118543148040771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5411535501480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08523443341255188}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001500","descriptor_name":"BCG Vaccine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001500","descriptor_name":"BCG Vaccine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001500","descriptor_name":"BCG Vaccine","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001500","descriptor_name":"BCG Vaccine","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001500","descriptor_name":"BCG Vaccine","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001500","descriptor_name":"BCG Vaccine","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001500","descriptor_name":"BCG Vaccine","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001500","descriptor_name":"BCG Vaccine","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004165","descriptor_name":"Diphtheria","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004165","descriptor_name":"Diphtheria","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009035","descriptor_name":"Mothers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009035","descriptor_name":"Mothers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009163","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium bovis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009163","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium bovis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127311448","display_name":"BMC Immunology","issn_l":"1471-2172","issn":["1471-2172"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40038578","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40038578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:4675343","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-2819>;","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4675343/1/Sitenda-etal-2025-Bacille-Calmette-Guerin-specific-IgG-titres-among-infants-born-to-mothers-with-active-tuberculosis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10696102","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11877890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11877890","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11877890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0e78f49cc1d4291b3be6f6612a470d8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0e78f49cc1d4291b3be6f6612a470d8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Immunology, Vol 26, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00692-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127311448","display_name":"BMC Immunology","issn_l":"1471-2172","issn":["1471-2172"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.41999998688697815}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3902356631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MC_UU_00033/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8583359418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/P028071/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312060","funder_display_name":"Francis Crick Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312060","display_name":"Francis Crick Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04tnbqb63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1110653043","https://openalex.org/W2006496695","https://openalex.org/W2061339845","https://openalex.org/W2093544337","https://openalex.org/W2127522752","https://openalex.org/W2130099659","https://openalex.org/W2140111377","https://openalex.org/W2152684781","https://openalex.org/W2153626618","https://openalex.org/W2169478850","https://openalex.org/W2286055715","https://openalex.org/W2557803566","https://openalex.org/W2590167366","https://openalex.org/W2795041407","https://openalex.org/W2898533150","https://openalex.org/W3006430855","https://openalex.org/W3008232876","https://openalex.org/W3021870838","https://openalex.org/W3024209295","https://openalex.org/W3088735120","https://openalex.org/W3091956488","https://openalex.org/W3120811790","https://openalex.org/W3123992309","https://openalex.org/W3130622904","https://openalex.org/W3157933022","https://openalex.org/W3179146975","https://openalex.org/W4280498066","https://openalex.org/W4288925941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W1489783725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Infants":[1],"born":[2,75,85],"to":[3,55,76,86,141,163,168,201,289],"mothers":[4,77,87],"with":[5,69,78,174],"active":[6],"tuberculosis":[7],"disease":[8,285],"(ATB)":[9],"are":[10,240],"at":[11,124,151,165,189,210,221,231,262],"risk":[12,300],"of":[13,32,73,177,301],"poor":[14],"clinical":[15],"outcomes":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"low":[19],"birth":[20,122],"weight":[21],"and":[22,59,83,96,103,127,136,149,204,212,224,233,248,291,304],"perinatal":[23],"mortality.":[24],"However,":[25,215],"little":[26],"is":[27],"known":[28],"about":[29],"the":[30,147,169,190,216],"influence":[31],"maternal":[33,46,283],"ATB":[34,47,81,89],"exposure":[35],"on":[36,110,118],"their":[37],"vaccine":[38,50,287],"responses":[39,54,200,288],"during":[40],"infancy.":[41],"The":[42,226,257],"study":[43,68],"explored":[44],"how":[45],"affects":[48],"infants'":[49],"responses,":[51],"hypothesising":[52],"reduced":[53,160,199],"Bacille":[56],"Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin":[57],"(BCG)":[58],"other":[60,191,292,305],"infant":[61,111,157,208,293],"vaccines.":[62,294],"METHODS:":[63],"This":[64,183,295],"was":[65,218],"a":[66,70,175],"case-control":[67],"longitudinal":[71],"component":[72],"infants":[74,84],"bacteriologically":[79],"confirmed":[80],"(cases)":[82],"without":[88],"(controls)":[90],"carried":[91],"out":[92],"between":[93,146],"September":[94],"2021":[95],"June":[97],"2022.":[98],"Quantitative":[99],"BCG,":[100],"diphtheria,":[101,203],"tetanus,":[102,202],"measles-specific":[104],"IgG":[105,161],"ELISA":[106],"assays":[107],"were":[108,269],"performed":[109],"plasma":[112],"harvested":[113],"from":[114],"lithium-heparin":[115],"blood":[116],"collected":[117],"first":[119],"encounter":[120],"after":[121],"(0),":[123],"3,":[125],"6,":[126],"9":[128],"months.":[129,214],"We":[130,279],"used":[131],"prism":[132],"v10.1.2,":[133],"mixed-effects":[134],"modelling,":[135],"Tukey's":[137],"multiple":[138],"comparison":[139],"testing":[140],"determine":[142],"mean":[143,176,227,258],"differences":[144],"(MD)":[145],"cases":[148,158,209,237,266],"controls":[150,170,239,268],"all":[152],"time":[153,192],"points.":[154,193],"RESULTS:":[155],"Exposed":[156],"had":[159],"titres":[162,228,259],"BCG":[164,290],"baseline":[166,211,232],"compared":[167],"(p":[171,245,253,274],"=":[172,254,275],"0.032),":[173],"125.8":[178],"vs.":[179,242,250,271],"141.1":[180],"IU/mL,":[181],"respectively.":[182,256,277],"difference":[184],"was,":[185],"however,":[186],"not":[187,219],"sustained":[188,220],"Similarly,":[194],"we":[195],"demonstrated":[196,281],"trends":[197],"towards":[198],"measles":[205],"vaccines":[206],"among":[207],"three":[213],"trend":[217],"months":[222,235,264],"six":[223],"nine.":[225],"for":[229,236,260,265,298],"tetanus":[230],"3":[234,263],"versus":[238,267],"1.744":[241],"2.917":[243],"IU/mL":[244,252,273],"<":[246],"0.0001)":[247],"1.716":[249],"2.344":[251],"0.018),":[255],"diphtheria":[261],"0.022":[270],"0.075":[272],"0.006),":[276],"CONCLUSION:":[278],"have":[280],"that":[282],"TB":[284,303],"influences":[286],"has":[296],"implications":[297],"increased":[299],"childhood":[302],"preventable":[306],"diseases.":[307],"CLINICAL":[308],"TRIAL":[309],"NUMBER:":[310],"Not":[311],"applicable.":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}