{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408024148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njbmb.v39i3.3","title":"Detection and Identification of Pathogenic Trypanosomes across Niger Republic\u2013Nigeria Border by Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Case Study at Maigatari International Livestock Market, Northern Nigeria","display_name":"Detection and Identification of Pathogenic Trypanosomes across Niger Republic\u2013Nigeria Border by Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Case Study at Maigatari International Livestock Market, Northern Nigeria","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408024148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njbmb.v39i3.3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/njbmb.v39i3.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njbmb.v39i3.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njbmb.v39i3.3","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njbmb/article/download/287478/270843","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296785","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","issn_l":"0189-4757","issn":["0189-4757","2659-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njbmb/article/download/287478/270843","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116450398","display_name":"Nura I. Sabiu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156178","display_name":"Federal University Dutse","ror":"https://ror.org/0278jft56","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156178"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nura I. Sabiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry , Federal University Dutse , Dutse , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry , Federal University Dutse , Dutse , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053502681","display_name":"Nafisa Kabir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-5476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-5476"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156178","display_name":"Federal University Dutse","ror":"https://ror.org/0278jft56","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156178"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nafisatu Kabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry , Federal University Dutse , Dutse , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry , Federal University Dutse , Dutse , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103077112","display_name":"I. B. Machina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5437-3330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5437-3330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145088","display_name":"Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research","ror":"https://ror.org/041q21635","country_code":"NG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801477186","https://openalex.org/I4210122850","https://openalex.org/I4210145088"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Idris B. Machina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biotechnology Research Laboratory Unit , Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR) , Kaduna , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biotechnology Research Laboratory Unit , Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR) , Kaduna , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aminu B. Yusuf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145088","display_name":"Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research","ror":"https://ror.org/041q21635","country_code":"NG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801477186","https://openalex.org/I4210122850","https://openalex.org/I4210145088"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aminu B. Yusuf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biotechnology Research Laboratory Unit , Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR) , Kaduna , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biotechnology Research Laboratory Unit , Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR) , Kaduna , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2626,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62616216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"136","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10890","display_name":"Trypanosoma species research and implications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10890","display_name":"Trypanosoma species research and implications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11560","display_name":"Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10296","display_name":"Vector-borne infectious diseases","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-african-trypanosomiasis","display_name":"African animal trypanosomosis","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trypanosomes","display_name":"trypanosomes","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoonoses","display_name":"zoonoses","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trypanosome-species-identification","display_name":"trypanosome species identification","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trypanosoma-vivax","display_name":"Trypanosoma vivax","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trypanosoma-congolense","display_name":"Trypanosoma congolense","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coinfection","display_name":"co-infection","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horses","display_name":"horses","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donkeys","display_name":"donkeys","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goats","display_name":"goats","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camels","display_name":"camels","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle","display_name":"cattle","score":0.7459999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112964050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103459","display_name":"Livestock","level":2,"score":0.7551121711730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.6709174513816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781004190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14234624","display_name":"Southeastern Nigeria","level":2,"score":0.4828343987464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4640023112297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993759428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29412","display_name":"Niger delta","level":3,"score":0.4455229341983795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.3782792091369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.34838640689849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3472694456577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2677571475505829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.14071348309516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1077929437160492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.06860584020614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06795170903205872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.06064620614051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49506","display_name":"Delta","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/njbmb.v39i3.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njbmb.v39i3.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njbmb.v39i3.3","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njbmb/article/download/287478/270843","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296785","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","issn_l":"0189-4757","issn":["0189-4757","2659-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.www.nsbmb.org.ng:article/406","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nsbmb.org.ng/journals/index.php/index/article/view/406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296785","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","issn_l":"0189-4757","issn":["0189-4757","2659-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0189-4757","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/njbmb.v39i3.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njbmb.v39i3.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njbmb.v39i3.3","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njbmb/article/download/287478/270843","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296785","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","issn_l":"0189-4757","issn":["0189-4757","2659-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.5666999816894531}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325377","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408024148.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408024148.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394987054","https://openalex.org/W2071189659","https://openalex.org/W2328938217","https://openalex.org/W2323748974","https://openalex.org/W2324866159","https://openalex.org/W2949593264","https://openalex.org/W3093293143","https://openalex.org/W2963417358","https://openalex.org/W2967555037","https://openalex.org/W2055621948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Trans-border":[0],"trade":[1,56,218],"among":[2],"African":[3,66,238],"countries":[4],"has":[5,29],"been":[6,30],"a":[7,40,78],"major":[8,41],"route":[9],"for":[10,16,101,107,136,140,144,148,153,173,225,228],"transfer":[11],"of":[12,21,35,54,64,93,110,129,164,233,236],"goods":[13],"and":[14,23,38,98,120,150,158,169,178,200,223,231],"animals":[15,89],"centuries":[17],"influencing":[18],"socio-economic":[19],"dynamics":[20],"regions":[22],"countries.":[24],"Animal":[25],"trading":[26],"across":[27,57,219],"borders":[28],"implicated":[31],"in":[32,74,246],"the":[33,52,62,108,210,229,234,242],"spread":[34,63,235],"several":[36],"diseases":[37],"constitute":[39],"risk":[42],"to":[43,50,212],"public":[44,213],"health.The":[45],"present":[46],"study":[47],"is":[48,244],"aimed":[49],"investigate":[51],"role":[53],"livestock":[55],"Niger":[58,220],"Republic-Nigeria":[59,221],"border":[60,222],"on":[61],"animal":[65,217,237],"trypanosomiasis":[67,239],"(AAT)":[68],"using":[69,117],"Maigatari":[70],"International":[71],"Livestock":[72],"market":[73],"Northern":[75],"Nigeria":[76],"as":[77,241],"case":[79],"study.To":[80],"achieve":[81],"this,":[82],"blood":[83],"samples":[84],"were":[85,188],"collected":[86],"from":[87],"200":[88],"comprising":[90],"40":[91],"each":[92],"horses,":[94],"donkeys,":[95],"goats,":[96],"camels":[97],"cattle":[99],"brought":[100],"trading.":[102],"Each":[103],"sample":[104],"was":[105],"analysed":[106],"presence":[109],"trypanosome":[111,185],"spp":[112],"by":[113,216],"polymerase":[114],"chain":[115],"reaction":[116],"ITS1":[118,156],"CF":[119,157],"BR":[121,159],"generic":[122],"primers.The":[123],"results":[124,208],"showed":[125],"an":[126],"overall":[127],"prevalence":[128],"60%":[130],"trypanosomes":[131],"infection,":[132],"with":[133],"16/40":[134],"(40%)":[135],"horse,":[137],"20/40":[138],"(50%)":[139],"donkey,":[141],"36/40":[142,146],"(90%)":[143,147],"goat,":[145],"camel":[149],"12/40":[151],"(30%)":[152],"cattle,":[154],"respectively.The":[155],"primers":[160],"gave":[161],"band":[162],"sizes":[163],"250":[165],"bp,":[166],"480":[167],"bp":[168,172],"above":[170],"580":[171],"T.":[174,179,189,194,201],"vivax,":[175],"subgenus":[176],"trypanozoon":[177,196,203],"congolense,":[180],"respectively.":[181],"The":[182],"most":[183],"prevalent":[184],"species":[186],"detected":[187],"vivax":[190],"single":[191],"infection":[192,198,205],"(86.7%),":[193],"vivax/subgenus":[195],"mixed":[197,204],"(10%)":[199],"congolense/subgenus":[202],"(3.3%).":[206],"These":[207],"confirmed":[209],"threat":[211],"health":[214],"pose":[215],"call":[224],"strategic":[226],"measures":[227],"control":[230],"management":[232],"especially":[240],"disease":[243],"zoonotic":[245],"nature.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}