{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407973073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s495820","title":"Understanding Relapse in Bipolar Disorder at a Tertiary Mental Health Facility in Uganda","display_name":"Understanding Relapse in Bipolar Disorder at a Tertiary Mental Health Facility in Uganda","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407973073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s495820","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40034127","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11874769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/ndt.s495820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s495820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s495820","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/100620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124245730","display_name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","issn_l":"1176-6328","issn":["1176-6328","1178-2021"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/100620","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116431110","display_name":"Peter Kimbowa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254691","display_name":"Lira University","ror":"https://ror.org/0249sb656","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Kimbowa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Northern Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Northern Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081820235","display_name":"Viola Nalwoga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-171X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-171X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254691","display_name":"Lira University","ror":"https://ror.org/0249sb656","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viola Nalwoga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Northern Uganda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-171X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Northern Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116431111","display_name":"Shaluwa Namwanje","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254691","display_name":"Lira University","ror":"https://ror.org/0249sb656","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaluwa Namwanje","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Northern Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Northern Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116431112","display_name":"Jovan Kisakye Ssekulima","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254691","display_name":"Lira University","ror":"https://ror.org/0249sb656","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jovan Ssekulima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Northern Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Northern Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116431113","display_name":"Sharon Wawa Anguparu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254691","display_name":"Lira University","ror":"https://ror.org/0249sb656","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon Anguparu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Northern Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Northern Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116431110"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254691"],"apc_list":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"apc_paid":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"fwci":0.4916,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57130268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 21","issue":null,"first_page":"395","last_page":"408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12980","display_name":"Family Caregiving in Mental Illness","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-disorder","display_name":"bipolar disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relapse","display_name":"relapse","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-adherence","display_name":"medication adherence","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosocial-stressors","display_name":"psychosocial stressors","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-beliefs","display_name":"cultural beliefs","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma","display_name":"stigma","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-hardship","display_name":"economic hardship","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coping-strategies","display_name":"coping strategies","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychoeducation","display_name":"psychoeducation","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-healing","display_name":"traditional healing","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uganda","display_name":"Uganda","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9519544839859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.6394639015197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.6265522241592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4830496907234192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","level":2,"score":0.10408136248588562}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2147/ndt.s495820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s495820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s495820","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/100620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124245730","display_name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","issn_l":"1176-6328","issn":["1176-6328","1178-2021"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40034127","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40034127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11874769","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11874769/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dovepress.com/100620","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/understanding-relapse-in-bipolar-disorder-at-a-tertiary-mental-health--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401012","display_name":"Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d5117f809c6431f938ca7df0ad19279","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d5117f809c6431f938ca7df0ad19279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 21, Pp 395-408 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/ndt.s495820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s495820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s495820","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/100620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124245730","display_name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","issn_l":"1176-6328","issn":["1176-6328","1178-2021"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407973073.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407973073.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1881531743","https://openalex.org/W1984615306","https://openalex.org/W2005504722","https://openalex.org/W2103355154","https://openalex.org/W2147420992","https://openalex.org/W2167193785","https://openalex.org/W2172102086","https://openalex.org/W2422023934","https://openalex.org/W2551278953","https://openalex.org/W2553608151","https://openalex.org/W2579845908","https://openalex.org/W2896132906","https://openalex.org/W2939449784","https://openalex.org/W3091354591","https://openalex.org/W3109696130","https://openalex.org/W3137108920","https://openalex.org/W3170878156","https://openalex.org/W4213196167","https://openalex.org/W4237330839","https://openalex.org/W4282827974","https://openalex.org/W4310572405","https://openalex.org/W4380989992","https://openalex.org/W4382677459","https://openalex.org/W4394913304"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3091354591","https://openalex.org/W4406162523","https://openalex.org/W4415704664","https://openalex.org/W2074262704","https://openalex.org/W4382677459","https://openalex.org/W4398762736","https://openalex.org/W7169529737","https://openalex.org/W3111820901","https://openalex.org/W3041026307","https://openalex.org/W3189301887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Bipolar":[1],"disorder":[2,263],"(BD)":[3],"is":[4,244],"a":[5,36,79,174,233,271],"chronic":[6],"psychiatric":[7],"condition":[8],"characterized":[9],"by":[10,48,166],"recurrent":[11],"episodes":[12],"of":[13,32,261],"mania,":[14],"hypomania,":[15],"and":[16,30,53,107,140,159,170,184,189,204,210,218,229,241,250,277],"depression,":[17],"affecting":[18],"approximately":[19,127],"1":[20],"in":[21,39,45,84,192,254],"150":[22],"adults":[23],"globally.":[24],"BD":[25,70,106],"contributes":[26],"significantly":[27],"to":[28,67,143,163],"disability":[29],"years":[31],"life":[33,182],"lost,":[34],"with":[35,105,239],"notable":[37],"prevalence":[38],"Africa.":[40],"The":[41],"high":[42],"relapse":[43,68,109,144,176,197,219,252],"rates":[44,253],"BD,":[46],"exacerbated":[47],"limited":[49],"mental":[50,81],"health":[51,82],"resources":[52],"underdiagnosis,":[54],"highlight":[55],"the":[56,64,85,258],"need":[57],"for":[58,215,246],"targeted":[59],"interventions.":[60],"This":[61,88],"study":[62,91],"explores":[63],"factors":[65],"contributing":[66],"among":[69],"patients":[71,101],"at":[72,94,264],"Butabika":[73,95,265],"National":[74,96,266],"Referral":[75,97,267],"Mental":[76,98,268],"Hospital,":[77],"Uganda,":[78],"crucial":[80,214],"facility":[83],"region.":[86],"Methods:":[87],"cross-sectional":[89],"qualitative":[90],"was":[92,133,173],"conducted":[93],"Hospital.":[99],"Adult":[100],"aged":[102],"18-65,":[103],"diagnosed":[104],"experiencing":[108],"after":[110],"treatment,":[111],"were":[112,115],"included.":[113],"Data":[114],"collected":[116],"through":[117,232],"purposive":[118],"sampling,":[119],"focusing":[120],"on":[121],"obtaining":[122],"detailed":[123],"personal":[124],"accounts":[125],"from":[126],"15":[128],"participants":[129],"until":[130],"data":[131],"saturation":[132],"achieved.":[134],"Thematic":[135],"analysis":[136],"identified":[137],"key":[138],"themes":[139,149],"subthemes":[141],"related":[142],"factors.":[145,279],"Results:":[146],"Five":[147],"major":[148],"emerged:":[150],"treatment":[151,205,238],"adherence,":[152,224],"psychosocial":[153,225],"factors,":[154],"cultural":[155,190,227],"beliefs,":[156,228],"economic":[157,230],"challenges,":[158],"coping":[160],"mechanisms.":[161],"Non-adherence":[162],"medication,":[164],"driven":[165],"side":[167],"effects,":[168],"forgetfulness,":[169],"financial":[171],"constraints,":[172],"significant":[175],"factor.":[177],"Psychosocial":[178],"stressors,":[179,226],"such":[180],"as":[181,213],"events":[183],"social":[185,208,278],"isolation,":[186],"alongside":[187],"stigma":[188],"beliefs":[191],"traditional":[193],"healing,":[194],"further":[195],"complicated":[196],"patterns.":[198],"Economic":[199],"hardships":[200],"affected":[201],"medication":[202,223],"access":[203],"consistency.":[206],"Supportive":[207],"networks":[209],"psychoeducation":[211,240],"emerged":[212],"effective":[216,259],"management":[217,260],"prevention.":[220],"Conclusion:":[221],"Addressing":[222],"barriers":[231],"holistic":[234],"approach":[235],"integrating":[236],"medical":[237],"support":[242],"systems":[243],"essential":[245],"improving":[247],"patient":[248],"outcomes":[249],"reducing":[251],"this":[255],"setting.":[256],"Therefore,":[257],"bipolar":[262],"Hospital":[269],"requires":[270],"complex":[272],"interplay":[273],"between":[274],"biological,":[275],"psychological,":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-02-27T00:00:00"}