{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407936620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111542","title":"Enhancing overcurrent relay performance in distributed generation networks: A novel non-standard time-current characteristic approach","display_name":"Enhancing overcurrent relay performance in distributed generation networks: A novel non-standard time-current characteristic approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407936620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151498627","display_name":"Electric Power Systems Research","issn_l":"0378-7796","issn":["0378-7796","1873-2046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electric Power Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003871662","display_name":"Mian Rizwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-1761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-1761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99165933","display_name":"University of Gujrat","ror":"https://ror.org/01xe5fb92","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99165933"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mian Rizwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Gurjat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan","School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-1761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Gurjat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99165933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049214482","display_name":"Ciwei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-7984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-7984","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-3186"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ciwei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084033641","display_name":"Xingyu Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-385X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-385X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyu Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-385X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammad Usman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012973079","display_name":"Shafiq Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0712-9133","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0712-9133"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shafiq Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0712-9133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109596059","display_name":"Abdelaty Edrees Sayed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelaty Edrees Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027902527","display_name":"Adamali Shah Noor Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-9292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-9292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N.M. Adamali Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, College of Science, King Saud, University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-9292","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Science, King Saud, University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049214482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":2810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4166,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88354505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"244","issue":null,"first_page":"111542","last_page":"111542"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overcurrent-relays","display_name":"overcurrent relays","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"distributed generation","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-distribution-networks","display_name":"active distribution networks","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auxiliary-variables","display_name":"auxiliary variables","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay-coordination","display_name":"relay coordination","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-current-contribution","display_name":"fault current contribution","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-protection","display_name":"power system protection","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47949032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663542","display_name":"Overcurrent","level":3,"score":0.8998938798904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.746727466583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.6461255550384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4544435441493988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.4436785876750946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4401019215583801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40702885389328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31271815299987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2158006727695465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1337854564189911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.08729532361030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151498627","display_name":"Electric Power Systems Research","issn_l":"0378-7796","issn":["0378-7796","1873-2046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electric Power Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G181513266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2025R387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183883265","https://openalex.org/W2548966991","https://openalex.org/W2794758356","https://openalex.org/W3092503060","https://openalex.org/W3133638272","https://openalex.org/W3155601395","https://openalex.org/W4200596402","https://openalex.org/W4226069159","https://openalex.org/W4306790260","https://openalex.org/W4312084456","https://openalex.org/W4312943609","https://openalex.org/W4383092679","https://openalex.org/W4383741512","https://openalex.org/W4386881117","https://openalex.org/W4389823440","https://openalex.org/W4391797897","https://openalex.org/W4391868144","https://openalex.org/W4396894656","https://openalex.org/W4400518028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2551639665","https://openalex.org/W4410697546","https://openalex.org/W4400518028","https://openalex.org/W4205370885","https://openalex.org/W4401110105","https://openalex.org/W4406395329","https://openalex.org/W4379142190","https://openalex.org/W2946582140","https://openalex.org/W3155601395","https://openalex.org/W3185213908"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-02-26T00:00:00"}