{"id":"https://openalex.org/W44079337","doi":null,"title":"How Self-Affirmations Influence the Motivation and Behaviors Associated With Prejedice Reduction","display_name":"How Self-Affirmations Influence the Motivation and Behaviors Associated With Prejedice Reduction","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W44079337","mag":"44079337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:44079337","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA359884.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001621576","display_name":"Kristen M. Vance","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kristen M. Vance","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001621576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0111269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12521","display_name":"Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12313","display_name":"Emotions and Moral Behavior","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-affirmation","display_name":"self-affirmation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudice-reduction","display_name":"prejudice reduction","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guilt","display_name":"guilt","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-regulation","display_name":"self-regulation","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-stereotypes","display_name":"racial stereotypes","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-affect","display_name":"positive affect","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence","display_name":"confidence","score":0.7639999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.8475772142410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8342000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.7312194108963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776612492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131138","display_name":"Joke","level":2,"score":0.6491986513137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6313228607177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781358431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448013","display_name":"Self-affirmation","level":2,"score":0.5478290915489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892912","display_name":"Self-disclosure","level":2,"score":0.41068702936172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.38853466510772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.074175626039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:44079337","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA359884.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053861170","https://openalex.org/W6943688082","https://openalex.org/W2901343105","https://openalex.org/W2064945175","https://openalex.org/W94867862","https://openalex.org/W2066079074","https://openalex.org/W2484811517","https://openalex.org/W4415908080","https://openalex.org/W4409470800","https://openalex.org/W2038761752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],":":[1],"Previous":[2],"research":[3,40],"has":[4],"shown":[5],"that":[6,31,44,138],"when":[7],"low-prejudice":[8],"people":[9],"behave":[10],"in":[11,27,76],"a":[12,28],"manner":[13],"inconsistent":[14],"with":[15,163],"their":[16],"nonprejudiced":[17],"standards,":[18],"they":[19,134],"feel":[20],"guilty":[21],"about":[22],"the":[23,42,47,77,122,141,158,192],"discrepancy":[24,111,166,193],"and":[25,83,91,105,113,173,189,197],"engage":[26],"self-regulatory":[29],"process":[30,50],"helps":[32],"to":[33,70,157,191],"inhibit":[34],"future":[35],"prejudiced":[36],"responses.":[37],"The":[38],"present":[39],"tested":[41],"hypothesis":[43],"self-affirmations":[45,222],"disrupt":[46],"prejudice":[48,58,225],"reduction":[49,59,226],"by":[51,128],"alleviating":[52],"discrepancy-related":[53],"guilt--the":[54],"motivating":[55],"force":[56],"behind":[57],"efforts.":[60],"Following":[61],"activation":[62,112,167],"of":[63,72,79,87,143,148,171,176,213],"prejudice-relevant":[64,202,228],"discrepancies,":[65],"participants":[66,130,180,205,216],"were":[67,107,160],"randomly":[68],"assigned":[69],"one":[71],"six":[73],"experimental":[74],"conditions":[75],"type":[78],"self-affirmation":[123,182],"(none,":[81],"unrelated,":[82],"related)":[84],"x":[85],"time":[86],"behavioral":[88],"assessment":[89],"(immediate":[90],"two-day":[92],"delay)":[93],"factorial":[94],"design,":[95],"which":[96],"included":[97],"an":[98],"appended":[99],"no-discrepancy":[100],"control":[101],"condition.":[102],"Participants'":[103],"affect":[104,178,200],"confidence":[106,214],"measured":[108,118],"immediately":[109,120],"after":[110,121],"self-affirmation.":[114],"Prejudice-relevant":[115],"behavior":[116,229],"was":[117,230],"either":[119],"or":[124],"two":[125],"days":[126],"later":[127],"having":[129],"rate":[131],"how":[132],"funny":[133],"found":[135],"four":[136],"jokes":[137,159],"played":[139],"on":[140],"stereotypes":[142],"black":[144],"people.":[145],"Self-reported":[146],"ratings":[147],"joke":[149],"humor":[150],"as":[151,153],"well":[152],"participants'":[154],"nonverbal":[155],"responses":[156],"measured.":[161],"Consistent":[162],"previous":[164],"research,":[165],"produced":[168],"high":[169],"levels":[170,175,212],"guilt":[172,196],"decreased":[174],"positive":[177,199],"for":[179],"without":[181],"opportunities.":[183],"Further,":[184],"important":[185],"self-affirmations,":[186],"both":[187],"related":[188],"unrelated":[190],"domain,":[194],"alleviated":[195],"boosted":[198],"following":[201],"discrepancies.":[203],"Surprisingly,":[204],"who":[206,217],"did":[207],"not":[208],"self-affirm":[209],"reported":[210],"higher":[211],"than":[215],"self-affirmed.":[218],"To":[219],"test":[220],"whether":[221],"ultimately":[223],"disrupted":[224],"efforts,":[227],"examined.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}