{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407873516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4","title":"Meaningfully reducing consumption of meat and animal products is an unsolved problem: A meta-analysis","display_name":"Meaningfully reducing consumption of meat and animal products is an unsolved problem: A meta-analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407873516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010498239","display_name":"Seth Ariel Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1969"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seth Ariel Green","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1969","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111090462","display_name":"Austin Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Austin Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021906307","display_name":"Maya B. Mathur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6698-2607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6698-2607"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maya B Mathur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11259","display_name":"Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11259","display_name":"Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12873","display_name":"Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meat-consumption","display_name":"meat consumption","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-product-consumption","display_name":"animal product consumption","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-intervention","display_name":"dietary intervention","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-change","display_name":"behavior change","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choice-architecture","display_name":"choice architecture","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persuasion","display_name":"persuasion","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-meat","display_name":"red meat","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processed-meat","display_name":"processed meat","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention-effectiveness","display_name":"intervention effectiveness","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trials","display_name":"randomized controlled trials","score":0.5049999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6863283514976501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6653549075126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.3446480631828308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17327934503555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1021348237991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.060895681381225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.060571491718292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/q6xyr_v4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6735000014305115}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245851024","https://openalex.org/W7204690472","https://openalex.org/W3122181453","https://openalex.org/W2895975851","https://openalex.org/W2781390309","https://openalex.org/W6906383245","https://openalex.org/W6902013881","https://openalex.org/W4225693670","https://openalex.org/W4200451578","https://openalex.org/W4362465506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Which":[0],"interventions":[1,94,142,179],"produce":[2],"the":[3,71],"largest":[4],"and":[5,13,25,50,81,86,123,167,176],"most":[6],"enduring":[7],"reductions":[8],"in":[9],"consumption":[10,34,97,120,145],"of":[11,27,84,91,121,146,149],"meat":[12,125],"animal":[14],"products":[15],"(MAP)?":[16],"We":[17,41,54,151],"address":[18],"this":[19],"question":[20],"with":[21,78],"a":[22,82,160],"theoretical":[23],"review":[24],"meta-analysis":[26],"randomized":[28],"controlled":[29],"trials":[30],"that":[31,56,153],"measured":[32],"MAP":[33,96,164],"at":[35],"least":[36],"one":[37],"day":[38],"after":[39],"intervention.":[40],"meta-analyze":[42],"35":[43],"papers":[44,58],"comprising":[45],"41":[46],"studies,":[47],"112":[48,93],"interventions,":[49],"approximately":[51],"87,000":[52],"subjects.":[53],"find":[55],"these":[57],"employ":[59],"four":[60],"major":[61],"strategies":[62,169],"to":[63,117,163],"change":[64],"behavior:":[65],"choice":[66],"architecture,":[67],"persuasion,":[68],"psychology":[69],"(manipulating":[70],"interpersonal,":[72],"cognitive,":[73],"or":[74],"affective":[75],"factors":[76],"associated":[77],"eating":[79],"MAP),":[80],"combination":[83],"persuasion":[85],"psychology.":[87],"The":[88],"pooled":[89],"effect":[90],"all":[92],"on":[95],"is":[98],"quite":[99],"small":[100],"(standardized":[101],"mean":[102],"difference":[103],"(SMD)":[104],"=":[105,130],"0.07":[106],"(95%":[107],"CI:":[108,133],"[0.02,":[109],"0.12]),":[110],"indicating":[111],"an":[112],"unsolved":[113],"problem.":[114],"Interventions":[115],"aiming":[116],"reduce":[118],"only":[119],"red":[122],"processed":[124],"were":[126],"more":[127],"effective":[128],"(SMD":[129],"0.25;":[131],"95%":[132],"[0.11,":[134],"0.38]),":[135],"but":[136],"it":[137],"remains":[138],"unclear":[139],"whether":[140],"such":[141],"also":[143],"decrease":[144],"other":[147],"forms":[148],"MAP.":[150],"conclude":[152],"while":[154],"existing":[155],"approaches":[156],"do":[157],"not":[158],"provide":[159],"proven":[161],"remedy":[162],"consumption,":[165],"designs":[166],"measurement":[168],"have":[170],"generally":[171],"been":[172],"improving":[173],"over":[174],"time,":[175],"many":[177],"promising":[178],"await":[180],"rigorous":[181],"evaluation.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2025-02-24T00:00:00"}
