{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407849367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53555//hm10jn43","title":"ASSESSING THE SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERMITTENT FASTING FOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH IN TYPE 2 DIABETES: A LONG-TERM META-ANALYSIS.","display_name":"ASSESSING THE SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERMITTENT FASTING FOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH IN TYPE 2 DIABETES: A LONG-TERM META-ANALYSIS.","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407849367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53555//hm10jn43"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.53555/hm10jn43","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53555/hm10jn43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53555/hm10jn43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224141","display_name":"Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology","issn_l":"1710-6222","issn":["1710-6222","1198-581X","2561-8741"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318016","host_organization_name":"Codon Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Codon Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.53555/hm10jn43","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dr Tahreem Mukhtar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr Tahreem Mukhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032778821","display_name":"Kainaat Javed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1328-7069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1328-7069"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Kainaat Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108329653","display_name":"Sania Khalid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sania Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116384556","display_name":"Sonam Lohana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonam Lohana","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012030274","display_name":"Zain Ul Abideen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8941-3615","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8941-3615","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6815-514X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zain Ul Abideen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdul Mateen Soomro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Mateen Soomro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108720976","display_name":"Sohaib Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3153-4282","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3153-4282"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sohaib Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52576207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12745","display_name":"Dietary Effects on Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12745","display_name":"Dietary Effects on Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermittent-fasting","display_name":"intermittent fasting","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fasting-blood-glucose","display_name":"fasting blood glucose","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"insulin sensitivity","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-loss","display_name":"weight loss","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-profile","display_name":"lipid profile","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"blood pressure","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemia","display_name":"hypoglycemia","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-2-diet","display_name":"5:2 diet","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-restricted-eating","display_name":"time-restricted eating","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-adherence","display_name":"dietary adherence","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety","display_name":"safety","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63433958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774688","display_name":"Clinical pharmacology","level":2,"score":0.5865885019302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4928746223449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4313245117664337}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.53555/hm10jn43","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53555/hm10jn43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53555/hm10jn43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224141","display_name":"Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology","issn_l":"1710-6222","issn":["1710-6222","1198-581X","2561-8741"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318016","host_organization_name":"Codon Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Codon Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.53555//hm10jn43","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53555//hm10jn43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53555//hm10jn43","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.53555/hm10jn43","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53555/hm10jn43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53555/hm10jn43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224141","display_name":"Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology","issn_l":"1710-6222","issn":["1710-6222","1198-581X","2561-8741"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318016","host_organization_name":"Codon Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Codon Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407849408","https://openalex.org/W7074244939","https://openalex.org/W6992798721","https://openalex.org/W4412005330","https://openalex.org/W4404729404","https://openalex.org/W3110650044","https://openalex.org/W4411497678","https://openalex.org/W7130696444","https://openalex.org/W7221559092","https://openalex.org/W4385027857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Type":[1],"2":[2],"diabetes":[3],"(T2D)":[4],"is":[5,288,302],"a":[6,29,46,139,289],"prevalent":[7],"metabolic":[8,51,72,262],"disorder":[9],"linked":[10],"to":[11,142,251,304],"insulin":[12,126],"resistance":[13],"and":[14,24,40,70,81,92,103,131,148,186,197,209,217,225,269,279,298],"chronic":[15],"hyperglycemia.":[16],"Despite":[17],"available":[18],"treatment":[19],"options,":[20],"managing":[21],"glycemic":[22,65,172,265],"control":[23],"preventing":[25],"cardiovascular":[26,67,270],"complications":[27],"remain":[28],"challenge.":[30],"Intermittent":[31],"fasting":[32,124,187,259,300],"(IF),":[33],"which":[34],"involves":[35],"alternating":[36],"periods":[37],"of":[38,62,100,110,154,181,237],"eating":[39,281],"fasting,":[41],"has":[42],"been":[43],"proposed":[44],"as":[45,122],"potential":[47],"intervention":[48],"for":[49],"improving":[50,264],"health":[52,73],"in":[53,74,115,162,171,199,204,235,273],"individuals":[54,274],"with":[55,117,168,174,239,275],"T2D.":[56,276],"This":[57,254],"meta-analysis":[58,82,255],"evaluates":[59],"the":[60,104,163],"effects":[61,297],"IF":[63,113,165,287],"on":[64,295],"control,":[66,173,266],"risk":[68,271],"factors,":[69],"overall":[71],"T2D":[75],"patients.":[76],"Methods":[77],"A":[78,152],"systematic":[79],"review":[80],"were":[83,160,213,246],"conducted":[84],"using":[85,138],"data":[86],"from":[87,249],"randomized":[88],"controlled":[89],"trials":[90],"(RCTs)":[91],"observational":[93],"studies,":[94],"accessed":[95],"via":[96],"PubMed,":[97],"Scopus,":[98],"Web":[99],"Science,":[101],"PsycINFO,":[102],"Cochrane":[105],"Library.":[106],"Inclusion":[107],"criteria":[108],"consisted":[109],"studies":[111],"examining":[112],"interventions":[114],"adults":[116],"T2D,":[118],"measuring":[119],"outcomes":[120],"such":[121],"HbA1c,":[123],"glucose,":[125],"sensitivity,":[127],"weight,":[128],"lipid":[129,200],"profiles,":[130,201],"blood":[132,219],"pressure.":[133],"Statistical":[134],"analysis":[135],"was":[136,166],"performed":[137],"random-effects":[140],"model":[141],"compute":[143],"standardized":[144],"mean":[145],"differences":[146],"(SMDs)":[147],"assess":[149],"heterogeneity.":[150],"Results":[151],"total":[153],"10":[155],"RCTs,":[156],"involving":[157],"2,051":[158],"participants,":[159,238],"included":[161],"analysis.":[164],"associated":[167],"significant":[169,261],"improvements":[170,198],"HbA1c":[175],"levels":[176],"decreasing":[177],"by":[178,190,222],"an":[179],"average":[180],"0.9%":[182],"(p":[183],"<":[184],"0.05)":[185],"glucose":[188],"reduced":[189],"24":[191],"mg/dL.":[192],"Weight":[193],"loss":[194],"(3.0\u20135.0":[195],"kg)":[196],"including":[202],"reductions":[203],"LDL":[205],"cholesterol":[206],"(10\u201315":[207],"mg/dL)":[208],"triglycerides":[210],"(12\u201320":[211],"mg/dL),":[212],"observed.":[214],"Additionally,":[215],"systolic":[216],"diastolic":[218],"pressure":[220],"decreased":[221],"5\u20137":[223],"mmHg":[224],"3\u20135":[226],"mmHg,":[227],"respectively.":[228],"The":[229,277],"safety":[230],"profile":[231],"showed":[232],"mild":[233],"hypoglycemia":[234],"7\u201312%":[236],"few":[240],"adverse":[241],"events":[242],"overall.":[243],"Adherence":[244],"rates":[245],"high,":[247],"ranging":[248],"85%":[250],"96%.":[252],"Conclusions":[253],"suggests":[256],"that":[257],"intermittent":[258],"provides":[260],"benefits,":[263],"weight":[267],"loss,":[268],"factors":[272],"5:2":[278],"time-restricted":[280],"protocols":[282,301],"appeared":[283],"most":[284],"effective.":[285],"While":[286],"promising":[290],"adjunctive":[291],"treatment,":[292],"further":[293],"research":[294],"long-term":[296],"individualized":[299],"necessary":[303],"optimize":[305],"outcomes.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2025-02-22T00:00:00"}