{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407828782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s479819","title":"Novel Tissue-Specific Multifunctionalized Nanotechnological Platform Encapsulating Riluzole Against Motor Neuron Diseases","display_name":"Novel Tissue-Specific Multifunctionalized Nanotechnological Platform Encapsulating Riluzole Against Motor Neuron Diseases","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407828782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s479819","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40007904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/ijn.s479819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s479819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s479819","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/100433","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101287785","display_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","issn_l":"1176-9114","issn":["1176-9114","1178-2013"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/100433","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068020624","display_name":"Gerard Esteruelas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7960-3781","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7960-3781"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","display_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfc7t72","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122902","display_name":"Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia","ror":"https://ror.org/03srn9y98","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210122902"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401200369","display_name":"Institut de Nanoci\u00e8ncia i Nanotecnologia de la Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/034nc1205","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401200369","https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerard Esteruelas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, 08034, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7960-3781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401200369","https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, 08034, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210122902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056796479","display_name":"Miren Ettcheto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4301-7297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4301-7297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086696","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00zca7903","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101772","display_name":"Institut de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica Catalunya Sud","ror":"https://ror.org/01av3a615","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101772","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miren Ettcheto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Network Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain","Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","Institute of Pere Virgili Health Research (IISPV), Reus, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Network Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pere Virgili Health Research (IISPV), Reus, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070094861","display_name":"Isabel Haro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8677-2340","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8677-2340"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","display_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfc7t72","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122902","display_name":"Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia","ror":"https://ror.org/03srn9y98","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210122902"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel Haro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, 08034, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, 08034, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210122902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014400778","display_name":"Mireia Herrando\u2010Grabulosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-3220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-3220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mireia Herrando-Grabulosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064833690","display_name":"N\u00faria Gaja\u2010Capdevila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-570X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-570X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N\u00faria Gaja-Capdevila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-570X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042431642","display_name":"Maria Jose Gomara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6906-4833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6906-4833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","display_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfc7t72","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122902","display_name":"Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia","ror":"https://ror.org/03srn9y98","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210122902"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Jose Gomara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, 08034, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, 08034, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210122902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080751235","display_name":"Xavier Navarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-902X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-902X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Navarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-902X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046440462","display_name":"Marta Espina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-3847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-3847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401200369","display_name":"Institut de Nanoci\u00e8ncia i Nanotecnologia de la Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/034nc1205","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401200369","https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Espina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-3847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401200369","https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072472271","display_name":"Eliana B. Souto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-6017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-6017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eliana Souto","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCD School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-6017","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCD School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073770071","display_name":"Antoni Camins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-5956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-5956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086696","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00zca7903","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antoni Camins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Network Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain","Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Network Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100654036","display_name":"Maria Luisa Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4526-3344","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4526-3344"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086696","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00zca7903","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401200369","display_name":"Institut de Nanoci\u00e8ncia i Nanotecnologia de la Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/034nc1205","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401200369","https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Luisa Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Network Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain","Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4526-3344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Network Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401200369","https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003028700","display_name":"Elena S\u00e1nchez\u2010L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-108X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-108X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6224-2756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","display_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfc7t72","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086696","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00zca7903","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122902","display_name":"Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia","ror":"https://ror.org/03srn9y98","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210122902"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401200369","display_name":"Institut de Nanoci\u00e8ncia i Nanotecnologia de la Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/034nc1205","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401200369","https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Network Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain","Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, 08034, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-108X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Network Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401200369","https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, 08034, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210122902"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"apc_paid":{"value":2836,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2836},"fwci":0.5531,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52451547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 20","issue":null,"first_page":"2273","last_page":"2288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/riluzole","display_name":"riluzole","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis","display_name":"amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-neuron-disease","display_name":"motor neuron disease","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plga-nanoparticles","display_name":"PLGA nanoparticles","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-penetrating-peptides","display_name":"cell-penetrating peptides","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pegylation","display_name":"PEGylation","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-drug-delivery","display_name":"targeted drug delivery","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-drug-delivery","display_name":"nanoparticle drug delivery","score":0.44600000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779319286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415744","display_name":"Riluzole","level":4,"score":0.6161502599716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.45812734961509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3436669111251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780596555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206901","display_name":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","level":3,"score":0.33614760637283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3306153416633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3205362558364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08460494875907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0775780975818634}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077182","descriptor_name":"Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077182","descriptor_name":"Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077182","descriptor_name":"Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077182","descriptor_name":"Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000690","descriptor_name":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000690","descriptor_name":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000690","descriptor_name":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000690","descriptor_name":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004337","descriptor_name":"Drug Carriers","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004337","descriptor_name":"Drug Carriers","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004337","descriptor_name":"Drug Carriers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004337","descriptor_name":"Drug Carriers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004337","descriptor_name":"Drug Carriers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004337","descriptor_name":"Drug Carriers","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011092","descriptor_name":"Polyethylene Glycols","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011092","descriptor_name":"Polyethylene Glycols","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011092","descriptor_name":"Polyethylene Glycols","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011092","descriptor_name":"Polyethylene Glycols","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011092","descriptor_name":"Polyethylene Glycols","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011092","descriptor_name":"Polyethylene Glycols","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014018","descriptor_name":"Tissue Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014018","descriptor_name":"Tissue Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016472","descriptor_name":"Motor Neuron Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016472","descriptor_name":"Motor Neuron Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016472","descriptor_name":"Motor Neuron Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016472","descriptor_name":"Motor Neuron Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018696","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019782","descriptor_name":"Riluzole","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053758","descriptor_name":"Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053758","descriptor_name":"Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053758","descriptor_name":"Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053758","descriptor_name":"Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2147/ijn.s479819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s479819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s479819","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/100433","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101287785","display_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","issn_l":"1176-9114","issn":["1176-9114","1178-2013"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40007904","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40007904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of nanomedicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dovepress.com/100433","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/novel-tissue-specific-multifunctionalized-nanotechnological-platform-e-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401012","display_name":"Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ddd.uab.cat:328583","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/328583","pdf_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/artpub/2025/328583/328583.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400380","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","host_organization_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11853070","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11853070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Nanomedicine","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/383486","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85219619217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2147/ijn.s479819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s479819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s479819","pdf_url":"https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/100433","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101287785","display_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","issn_l":"1176-9114","issn":["1176-9114","1178-2013"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320348","host_organization_name":"Dove Medical Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320348","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Dove Medical Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1175115578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI//10.13039/501100011033/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1197054721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN / AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1855990336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":".13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2304992279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2021-001159-M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2309174360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2436713165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122216OB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G279363373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033,","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2855141111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G300979063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3031149416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2021-001159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3071963729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122216OB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G34346518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501 100 011 033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3518538256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4042007251","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122187NB-C32","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G410571670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4170490609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122216OB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G425668148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":".13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G430777504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G451917667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5208757957","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2022-140354OB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5421974903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5967599077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7029449665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122187NB-C32","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7434936867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7815222579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CB06/05/2004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8339870507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CEX2021-001159-M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8468985988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122473OA-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328990","funder_display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8599964989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122473OA-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8920660035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G897484643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN /AEI /10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G904308495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CB06/05/2004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328990","funder_display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G929308097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/ AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G99296377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/03sv46s19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328990","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas","ror":"https://ror.org/00zca7903"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/003x0zc53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407828782.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407828782.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992015481","https://openalex.org/W2041694182","https://openalex.org/W2052706007","https://openalex.org/W2059862524","https://openalex.org/W2071844799","https://openalex.org/W2079881883","https://openalex.org/W2089553099","https://openalex.org/W2108222566","https://openalex.org/W2151071069","https://openalex.org/W2159851687","https://openalex.org/W2168938396","https://openalex.org/W2170145492","https://openalex.org/W2200232771","https://openalex.org/W2290495400","https://openalex.org/W2331894594","https://openalex.org/W2340662778","https://openalex.org/W2346739591","https://openalex.org/W2564564443","https://openalex.org/W2565735485","https://openalex.org/W2765953043","https://openalex.org/W2790816472","https://openalex.org/W2792886819","https://openalex.org/W2803947919","https://openalex.org/W2804858040","https://openalex.org/W2884919921","https://openalex.org/W2902112338","https://openalex.org/W2911207445","https://openalex.org/W2920901214","https://openalex.org/W2946834953","https://openalex.org/W2948872752","https://openalex.org/W2967025256","https://openalex.org/W2991158980","https://openalex.org/W2997910457","https://openalex.org/W3001335228","https://openalex.org/W3006527768","https://openalex.org/W3015308147","https://openalex.org/W3026323285","https://openalex.org/W3034958546","https://openalex.org/W3037714735","https://openalex.org/W3042613436","https://openalex.org/W3045946490","https://openalex.org/W3046260658","https://openalex.org/W3135487095","https://openalex.org/W3174363935","https://openalex.org/W3174657307","https://openalex.org/W3183023306","https://openalex.org/W3188728910","https://openalex.org/W3198788340","https://openalex.org/W3206526663","https://openalex.org/W4200441325","https://openalex.org/W4200515163","https://openalex.org/W4220976451","https://openalex.org/W4224280135","https://openalex.org/W4224861617","https://openalex.org/W4225659164","https://openalex.org/W4306180041","https://openalex.org/W4313506857","https://openalex.org/W4367624110","https://openalex.org/W4389992083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2166455544","https://openalex.org/W4205595123","https://openalex.org/W4383343129","https://openalex.org/W4232175805","https://openalex.org/W2340610284","https://openalex.org/W4213128270","https://openalex.org/W2113542630","https://openalex.org/W2314689571","https://openalex.org/W2772668409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Motor":[1],"neuron":[2,28,245],"diseases":[3],"are":[4,78],"neurological":[5],"disorders":[6],"characterized":[7],"by":[8],"progressive":[9,33],"degeneration":[10],"of":[11,26,103,148,187,210,216,234],"upper":[12],"and/or":[13],"lower":[14],"motor":[15,27,107,130,198,244],"neurons.":[16,131],"Amyotrophic":[17],"Lateral":[18],"Sclerosis":[19],"(ALS)":[20],"is":[21,45],"the":[22,55,62,101,169,175,185,190,208],"most":[23],"common":[24],"form":[25],"diseases,":[29,246],"where":[30],"patients":[31],"suffer":[32],"paralysis,":[34],"muscle":[35],"atrophy":[36],"and":[37,47,59,136,141,150,194,228],"finally":[38],"death.":[39],"Despite":[40],"ALS":[41],"severity,":[42],"no":[43],"treatment":[44],"safe":[46],"fully":[48],"effective.":[49],"In":[50,114],"this":[51,65,115,157],"area,":[52,116],"Riluzole":[53,73,89,104,128,188,211],"was":[54,172],"first":[56],"drug":[57,222],"approved":[58],"it":[60],"constitutes":[61],"gold-standard":[63],"for":[64,184,243],"pathology.":[66],"However,":[67],"to":[68,99,106,125,129,165,174],"obtain":[69],"suitable":[70,182],"therapeutic":[71,90,97,241],"efficacy,":[72],"requires":[74],"high":[75],"doses":[76],"that":[77],"associated":[79],"with":[80],"severe":[81],"adverse":[82],"effects":[83],"in":[84,139,142,189,197,212],"other":[85,93],"tissues.":[86],"To":[87],"attain":[88],"efficacy":[91],"avoiding":[92],"organs":[94,214],"side-effects,":[95],"new":[96],"strategies":[98],"enhance":[100],"delivery":[102,223],"specifically":[105],"neurons":[108,199],"constitute":[109],"an":[110],"unmet":[111],"medical":[112],"need.":[113],"we":[117],"have":[118],"developed":[119,227],"a":[120,145,160],"novel":[121,221],"multifunctional":[122],"nanostructurated":[123],"carrier":[124],"selectively":[126],"deliver":[127],"Results:":[132],"This":[133],"work":[134],"develops":[135],"characterizes":[137],"at":[138],"vitro":[140],"vivo":[143],"levels":[144],"tissue-targeted":[146],"formulation":[147],"peptide":[149,163],"PEG-labelled":[151],"PLGA":[152],"nanoparticles":[153,176,180],"encapsulating":[154],"Riluzole.":[155],"For":[156],"purpose,":[158],"pVEC,":[159],"cell":[161],"penetrating":[162],"able":[164],"increase":[166],"transport":[167],"through":[168],"blood-brain":[170],"barrier,":[171],"attached":[173],"surface.":[177],"The":[178],"multifunctionalized":[179],"show":[181],"characteristics":[183],"release":[186],"central":[191],"nervous":[192],"system":[193,224],"were":[195],"detected":[196],"within":[200],"1":[201],"h":[202],"after":[203],"administration":[204],"while":[205],"significantly":[206],"reducing":[207],"concentration":[209],"non-therapeutic":[213],"responsible":[215],"side":[217],"effects.":[218],"Conclusion:":[219],"A":[220],"has":[225],"been":[226],"characterized,":[229],"demonstrating":[230],"enhanced":[231],"CNS":[232],"biodistribution":[233],"riluzole,":[235],"which":[236],"shows":[237],"promise":[238],"as":[239],"efficient":[240],"tool":[242],"including":[247],"amyotrophic":[248],"lateral":[249],"sclerosis.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
