{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407828249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90772-z","title":"Exploring the determinants of mathematics teachers\u2019 willingness to implement STEAM education using structural equation modeling","display_name":"Exploring the determinants of mathematics teachers\u2019 willingness to implement STEAM education using structural equation modeling","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407828249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90772-z","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39984632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-90772-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90772-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90772-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-90772-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-90772-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muwen Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152033890","display_name":"Hainan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/031dhcv14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152033890"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muwen Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Elementary Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China","National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China","School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Elementary Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152033890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017194530","display_name":"Tommy Tanu Wijaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6840-3875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6840-3875"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tommy Tanu Wijaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China. 202139130001@mail.bnu.edu.cn","School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. 202139130001@mail.bnu.edu.cn","National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China","School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China. 202139130001@mail.bnu.edu.cn","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. 202139130001@mail.bnu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102951823","display_name":"Xinxin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-0164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-0164"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China. 202331130002@mail.bnu.edu.cn","School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. 202331130002@mail.bnu.edu.cn","National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China","School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China. 202331130002@mail.bnu.edu.cn","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. 202331130002@mail.bnu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073718157","display_name":"Yiming Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8481-5762","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8481-5762"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China","School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013180223","display_name":"Qingchun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-689X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-689X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingchun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China","School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute for Mathematics Teaching Materials, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017194530","https://openalex.org/A5102951823"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":65.4968,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99912829,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"6304","last_page":"6304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12590","display_name":"STEM Education","score":0.7846999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12590","display_name":"STEM Education","score":0.7846999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10130","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","score":0.05209999904036522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.03319999948143959,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steam-education","display_name":"STEAM education","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-teachers","display_name":"mathematics teachers","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"theory of planned behavior","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-acceptance-model","display_name":"technology acceptance model","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-usefulness","display_name":"perceived usefulness","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-norms","display_name":"subjective norms","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-intentions","display_name":"implementation intentions","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-attitudes","display_name":"teacher attitudes","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology-adoption","display_name":"educational technology adoption","score":0.5199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.8529654145240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5071096420288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47443950176239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29706871509552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18803173303604126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-90772-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90772-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90772-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-90772-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39984632","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39984632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11845784","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11845784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:421d4fc367034e57ba4ff891e2eac9f8","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/421d4fc367034e57ba4ff891e2eac9f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-90772-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90772-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90772-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-90772-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407828249.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407828249.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517229207","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W2010453024","https://openalex.org/W2036949601","https://openalex.org/W2054496207","https://openalex.org/W2100379340","https://openalex.org/W2168569455","https://openalex.org/W2304943596","https://openalex.org/W2579905191","https://openalex.org/W2579980583","https://openalex.org/W2756221547","https://openalex.org/W2762638724","https://openalex.org/W2883296514","https://openalex.org/W2892716398","https://openalex.org/W2894414470","https://openalex.org/W2895706523","https://openalex.org/W2905811773","https://openalex.org/W2966119829","https://openalex.org/W2996900743","https://openalex.org/W3013520841","https://openalex.org/W3033090209","https://openalex.org/W3044291841","https://openalex.org/W3045099133","https://openalex.org/W3085139078","https://openalex.org/W3093001817","https://openalex.org/W3125976894","https://openalex.org/W3136271371","https://openalex.org/W3156155522","https://openalex.org/W3166091783","https://openalex.org/W3167211878","https://openalex.org/W3167247290","https://openalex.org/W3170802251","https://openalex.org/W3199640427","https://openalex.org/W3204387474","https://openalex.org/W3205188289","https://openalex.org/W3206370205","https://openalex.org/W3211175043","https://openalex.org/W3215374900","https://openalex.org/W3216894755","https://openalex.org/W4200534977","https://openalex.org/W4210331597","https://openalex.org/W4212871126","https://openalex.org/W4214696588","https://openalex.org/W4225123920","https://openalex.org/W4280495645","https://openalex.org/W4281490890","https://openalex.org/W4281765088","https://openalex.org/W4283218934","https://openalex.org/W4294219197","https://openalex.org/W4304140101","https://openalex.org/W4311780370","https://openalex.org/W4313396974","https://openalex.org/W4313471923","https://openalex.org/W4315570235","https://openalex.org/W4321795877","https://openalex.org/W4323314569","https://openalex.org/W4353090790","https://openalex.org/W4365450217","https://openalex.org/W4385251376","https://openalex.org/W4385859948","https://openalex.org/W4386280241","https://openalex.org/W4387880777","https://openalex.org/W4388284363","https://openalex.org/W4391996259","https://openalex.org/W4392163691","https://openalex.org/W4392472892","https://openalex.org/W4392947266","https://openalex.org/W4394695600","https://openalex.org/W4395699002","https://openalex.org/W4398769336","https://openalex.org/W4400240562","https://openalex.org/W4401338622","https://openalex.org/W4401376482","https://openalex.org/W4402093655","https://openalex.org/W4403692887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2024934382","https://openalex.org/W2303173273","https://openalex.org/W2513767888","https://openalex.org/W3147308590","https://openalex.org/W1528049813","https://openalex.org/W1968285868","https://openalex.org/W2364043478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Science,":[0],"technology,":[1],"engineering,":[2],"arts,":[3],"and":[4,21,54,75,90,134,144,159],"mathematics":[5,28,40,71],"(STEAM)":[6],"has":[7],"gained":[8],"increasing":[9],"attention":[10],"for":[11,156],"its":[12],"potential":[13],"to":[14,43,97],"enhance":[15],"student":[16],"learning":[17],"experiences,":[18],"critical":[19,85],"thinking,":[20],"problem-solving":[22],"skills.":[23],"However,":[24],"implementing":[25],"STEAM":[26,45,64,115,128,149,163],"in":[27,93],"education":[29],"presents":[30],"numerous":[31],"challenges.":[32],"This":[33,151],"study":[34,152],"examines":[35],"the":[36,48,55,84,112,118,142,145],"factors":[37],"that":[38,104,126],"influence":[39,140],"teachers'":[41,95],"willingness":[42],"adopt":[44],"by":[46],"integrating":[47],"Theory":[49],"of":[50,87,114,148],"Planned":[51],"Behavior":[52],"(TPB)":[53],"Technology":[56],"Acceptance":[57],"Model":[58],"(TAM)":[59],"with":[60,99],"an":[61],"innovative":[62],"component":[63],"literacy.":[65],"Utilizing":[66],"questionnaire":[67],"data":[68],"from":[69],"1,173":[70],"teachers":[72],"across":[73],"China":[74],"employing":[76],"Structural":[77],"Equation":[78],"Modeling":[79],"(SEM),":[80],"our":[81],"analysis":[82],"highlights":[83],"roles":[86],"perceived":[88],"usefulness":[89],"subjective":[91],"norm":[92],"motivating":[94],"intentions":[96,106],"engage":[98],"STEAM.":[100],"Furthermore,":[101],"we":[102],"find":[103],"these":[105],"significantly":[107,139],"predict":[108],"actual":[109],"implementation.":[110],"Notably,":[111],"inclusion":[113],"literacy":[116],"within":[117],"TPB-TAM":[119],"framework":[120],"offers":[121],"a":[122],"unique":[123],"perspective,":[124],"demonstrating":[125],"enhancing":[127],"literacy,":[129],"alongside":[130],"fostering":[131],"positive":[132],"attitudes":[133],"providing":[135],"adequate":[136],"resources,":[137],"can":[138],"both":[141],"intention":[143],"practical":[146],"adoption":[147],"education.":[150],"delivers":[153],"valuable":[154],"insights":[155],"educational":[157],"policymakers":[158],"practitioners":[160],"on":[161],"promoting":[162],"effectively.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
