{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407680944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","title":"Metformin and glioma: Targeting metabolic dysregulation for enhanced therapeutic outcomes","display_name":"Metformin and glioma: Targeting metabolic dysregulation for enhanced therapeutic outcomes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407680944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39970627","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11876755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106638657","display_name":"Translational Oncology","issn_l":"1936-5233","issn":["1936-5233","1944-7124"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Translational Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090679007","display_name":"Haneen A. Basheer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6803-6390","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6803-6390"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153687341","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haneen A. Basheer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan. Electronic address: hbasheer@zu.edu.jo"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6803-6390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan. Electronic address: hbasheer@zu.edu.jo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105108837","display_name":"Nadeem Salman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8016-2643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8016-2643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153687341","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadeem M. Salman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8016-2643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rami M. Abdullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6715-3297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6715-3297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153687341","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rami M. Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6715-3297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046615972","display_name":"Lina Elsalem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3814-4865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3814-4865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Elsalem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jordan University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3814-4865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037537205","display_name":"Kamyar Afarinkia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4364","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4364"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177463362","display_name":"University of West London","ror":"https://ror.org/03e5mzp60","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamyar Afarinkia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine and Biosciences, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Biosciences, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090679007"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"fwci":1.1027,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73801352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":null,"first_page":"102323","last_page":"102323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.2754000127315521,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10631","display_name":"Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism","score":0.017400000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glioma","display_name":"glioma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glioblastoma","display_name":"glioblastoma","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-repurposing","display_name":"drug repurposing","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-metabolism","display_name":"cancer metabolism","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-reprogramming","display_name":"metabolic reprogramming","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temozolomide","display_name":"temozolomide","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiotherapy","display_name":"radiotherapy","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistance","display_name":"drug resistance","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glioma-stem-cells","display_name":"glioma stem cells","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/progression-free-survival","display_name":"progression-free survival","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antidiabetic-drugs","display_name":"antidiabetic drugs","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484","display_name":"Metformin","level":3,"score":0.883966326713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778227246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365309","display_name":"Glioma","level":2,"score":0.763167142868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6272009611129761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.4590330421924591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.37453240156173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3340164124965668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.29151004552841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19953107833862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.049888551235198975}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106638657","display_name":"Translational Oncology","issn_l":"1936-5233","issn":["1936-5233","1944-7124"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Translational Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39970627","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39970627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Translational oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11876755","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11876755/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transl Oncol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uwl.ac.uk:13291","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/13291/","pdf_url":"https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/13291/1/Metformin%20and%20glioma%20-%20%20Targeting%20metabolic%20dysregulation%20for%20enhanced%20therapeutic%20outcomes_1-s2.0-S1936523325000543-main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402477","display_name":"UWL Repository (University of West London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177463362","host_organization_name":"University of West London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177463362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4a28012a254c42928f99de5b47a3d184","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4a28012a254c42928f99de5b47a3d184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Translational Oncology, Vol 53, Iss , Pp 102323- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106638657","display_name":"Translational Oncology","issn_l":"1936-5233","issn":["1936-5233","1944-7124"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Translational Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407680944.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407680944.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":211,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W755213597","https://openalex.org/W1263266977","https://openalex.org/W1498846183","https://openalex.org/W1508624047","https://openalex.org/W1537712619","https://openalex.org/W1609916908","https://openalex.org/W1658670721","https://openalex.org/W1836950607","https://openalex.org/W1848702643","https://openalex.org/W1965568759","https://openalex.org/W1976993918","https://openalex.org/W1979782841","https://openalex.org/W1980026775","https://openalex.org/W1984202512","https://openalex.org/W1985148439","https://openalex.org/W1986428317","https://openalex.org/W1987334928","https://openalex.org/W1994731715","https://openalex.org/W1996611359","https://openalex.org/W1998480684","https://openalex.org/W1999818329","https://openalex.org/W2001824102","https://openalex.org/W2003438982","https://openalex.org/W2004432187","https://openalex.org/W2005926822","https://openalex.org/W2006771504","https://openalex.org/W2010677999","https://openalex.org/W2014302193","https://openalex.org/W2022853846","https://openalex.org/W2029501044","https://openalex.org/W2051171548","https://openalex.org/W2052048865","https://openalex.org/W2060592426","https://openalex.org/W2062604619","https://openalex.org/W2070224555","https://openalex.org/W2085480360","https://openalex.org/W2087840427","https://openalex.org/W2088811912","https://openalex.org/W2092752244","https://openalex.org/W2096559770","https://openalex.org/W2097478662","https://openalex.org/W2101093124","https://openalex.org/W2101620200","https://openalex.org/W2106365104","https://openalex.org/W2115226530","https://openalex.org/W2117275311","https://openalex.org/W2122081799","https://openalex.org/W2138951875","https://openalex.org/W2145813884","https://openalex.org/W2146369144","https://openalex.org/W2148197020","https://openalex.org/W2157838775","https://openalex.org/W2158859472","https://openalex.org/W2160085140","https://openalex.org/W2163073962","https://openalex.org/W2164882663","https://openalex.org/W2170429308","https://openalex.org/W2174361280","https://openalex.org/W2177430595","https://openalex.org/W2182200252","https://openalex.org/W2182252225","https://openalex.org/W2223660849","https://openalex.org/W2233772383","https://openalex.org/W2264491473","https://openalex.org/W2296716570","https://openalex.org/W2341529963","https://openalex.org/W2344989329","https://openalex.org/W2345381093","https://openalex.org/W2392045628","https://openalex.org/W2417662509","https://openalex.org/W2419860237","https://openalex.org/W2508869937","https://openalex.org/W2509057822","https://openalex.org/W2515819507","https://openalex.org/W2517130978","https://openalex.org/W2557083980","https://openalex.org/W2560855771","https://openalex.org/W2582810155","https://openalex.org/W2586662902","https://openalex.org/W2588959632","https://openalex.org/W2604071841","https://openalex.org/W2605058074","https://openalex.org/W2607640564","https://openalex.org/W2621558595","https://openalex.org/W2687045820","https://openalex.org/W2713764291","https://openalex.org/W2742200852","https://openalex.org/W2751813794","https://openalex.org/W2759702412","https://openalex.org/W2763168003","https://openalex.org/W2766100298","https://openalex.org/W2767348608","https://openalex.org/W2767490296","https://openalex.org/W2769620414","https://openalex.org/W2771357379","https://openalex.org/W2773209794","https://openalex.org/W2774057704","https://openalex.org/W2781643461","https://openalex.org/W2782730827","https://openalex.org/W2783146090","https://openalex.org/W2784126180","https://openalex.org/W2805393256","https://openalex.org/W2805516731","https://openalex.org/W2806699848","https://openalex.org/W2809701930","https://openalex.org/W2811363709","https://openalex.org/W2886339381","https://openalex.org/W2888818205","https://openalex.org/W2890884853","https://openalex.org/W2890896123","https://openalex.org/W2891475742","https://openalex.org/W2896744886","https://openalex.org/W2898331982","https://openalex.org/W2911861737","https://openalex.org/W2913317399","https://openalex.org/W2914124965","https://openalex.org/W2921004395","https://openalex.org/W2944131287","https://openalex.org/W2944315478","https://openalex.org/W2947320259","https://openalex.org/W2949432489","https://openalex.org/W2951327248","https://openalex.org/W2954019687","https://openalex.org/W2954950011","https://openalex.org/W2956089932","https://openalex.org/W2958592462","https://openalex.org/W2967570386","https://openalex.org/W2973119788","https://openalex.org/W2980249524","https://openalex.org/W2980921743","https://openalex.org/W2984799663","https://openalex.org/W2986871395","https://openalex.org/W2987957808","https://openalex.org/W2996209797","https://openalex.org/W2996301762","https://openalex.org/W2996335277","https://openalex.org/W2999105571","https://openalex.org/W3000532606","https://openalex.org/W3000559384","https://openalex.org/W3004208898","https://openalex.org/W3005308008","https://openalex.org/W3008726116","https://openalex.org/W3010443092","https://openalex.org/W3015418000","https://openalex.org/W3015988344","https://openalex.org/W3017111557","https://openalex.org/W3017154096","https://openalex.org/W3017907928","https://openalex.org/W3024250410","https://openalex.org/W3028167733","https://openalex.org/W3037195147","https://openalex.org/W3037597678","https://openalex.org/W3042684281","https://openalex.org/W3048041047","https://openalex.org/W3081069367","https://openalex.org/W3082139497","https://openalex.org/W3083710835","https://openalex.org/W3087660200","https://openalex.org/W3087727537","https://openalex.org/W3091271175","https://openalex.org/W3093200268","https://openalex.org/W3093262978","https://openalex.org/W3103541249","https://openalex.org/W3108066201","https://openalex.org/W3112208293","https://openalex.org/W3113051246","https://openalex.org/W3114796419","https://openalex.org/W3118839651","https://openalex.org/W3126560452","https://openalex.org/W3127937360","https://openalex.org/W3131116352","https://openalex.org/W3132617889","https://openalex.org/W3138763871","https://openalex.org/W3153038838","https://openalex.org/W3153431964","https://openalex.org/W3156335601","https://openalex.org/W3161584183","https://openalex.org/W3173722264","https://openalex.org/W3179000496","https://openalex.org/W3193806272","https://openalex.org/W3208178658","https://openalex.org/W4220741658","https://openalex.org/W4220816763","https://openalex.org/W4237655217","https://openalex.org/W4256158043","https://openalex.org/W4280614820","https://openalex.org/W4281285394","https://openalex.org/W4283167291","https://openalex.org/W4283765746","https://openalex.org/W4287837551","https://openalex.org/W4293776731","https://openalex.org/W4297174490","https://openalex.org/W4310863344","https://openalex.org/W4323832102","https://openalex.org/W4328114023","https://openalex.org/W4378882663","https://openalex.org/W4379768206","https://openalex.org/W4382792963","https://openalex.org/W4384156718","https://openalex.org/W4388077463","https://openalex.org/W4390610764","https://openalex.org/W4392460257","https://openalex.org/W4394723126","https://openalex.org/W6685895841","https://openalex.org/W6726772974","https://openalex.org/W6736214522","https://openalex.org/W6746174045","https://openalex.org/W6765421852","https://openalex.org/W6766114523","https://openalex.org/W6770174782","https://openalex.org/W6790425134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406935891","https://openalex.org/W4413364592","https://openalex.org/W2609266407","https://openalex.org/W3706229","https://openalex.org/W2561125758","https://openalex.org/W2771357379","https://openalex.org/W125284004","https://openalex.org/W4287837551","https://openalex.org/W1976993918","https://openalex.org/W7131219879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u2022":[0,24,55,76],"Metformin":[1,77,336],"inhibits":[2],"critical":[3],"metabolic":[4,162,181,191,334],"pathways,":[5],"such":[6,244],"as":[7,147,245,321,339],"glycolysis":[8],"and":[9,22,34,46,69,92,124,185,202,211,223,247,253,283,300,353],"oxidative":[10],"phosphorylation,":[11],"while":[12],"enhancing":[13,63,203],"the":[14,64,99,117,138,178,204,234,258,261,264,276,290,296,301,317,348],"effectiveness":[15],"of":[16,66,107,119,140,157,180,206,237,304,319,341,351],"standard":[17],"glioma":[18,70,184,207,228,326,352],"therapies,":[19],"including":[20],"temozolomide":[21,246],"radiotherapy.":[23,212],"Preclinical":[25,193],"studies":[26,194,215],"show":[27],"metformin\u02bcs":[28,280],"efficacy":[29,197],"in":[30,52,116,164,183,188,198,219,227,325,332],"reducing":[31,199],"tumor":[32,200],"growth":[33,201],"overcoming":[35],"drug":[36,251,324],"resistance.":[37],"Clinical":[38],"trials":[39,269],"demonstrate":[40,195],"its":[41,329],"potential":[42,139,156,218,297,318],"to":[43,73,87,111,126,133,159,171,209,249,270,346],"improve":[44,172,254,347],"progression-free":[45,221],"overall":[47,224],"survival":[48,222,225],"rates":[49,226],"when":[50],"used":[51],"combination":[53,343],"therapies.":[54,75,294],"Combination":[56],"therapy":[57,344],"utilizing":[58],"metformin":[59,158,239,305,320],"mitigates":[60],"treatment":[61,82,151,255],"resistance,":[62],"sensitivity":[65,205],"glioblastoma":[67],"cells":[68,72,166,208],"stem":[71],"conventional":[74],"is":[78],"a":[79,103,142,148,322,342],"promising":[80,149,259],"repurposed":[81,323],"alternative,":[83],"necessitating":[84],"additional":[85],"research":[86],"determine":[88],"appropriate":[89],"dose":[90],"techniques":[91],"identify":[93,284],"patient":[94,285,358],"categories":[95],"who":[96],"would":[97,288],"derive":[98],"greatest":[100],"benefit.":[101],"Glioma,":[102],"highly":[104],"aggressive":[105],"form":[106],"brain":[108],"cancer,":[109],"continues":[110],"pose":[112],"significant":[113],"therapeutic":[114,173,242,349],"challenges":[115],"field":[118],"medicine.":[120],"Its":[121],"invasive":[122],"nature":[123],"resistance":[125,252],"traditional":[127],"treatments":[128],"make":[129],"it":[130],"particularly":[131],"difficult":[132],"combat.":[134],"This":[135],"review":[136,176,231,262,315],"examines":[137],"metformin,":[141],"commonly":[143],"prescribed":[144],"antidiabetic":[145],"medication,":[146],"new":[150],"option":[152],"for":[153,266,356],"glioma.":[154],"The":[155,175,230],"target":[160],"crucial":[161],"pathways":[163],"cancer":[165],"presents":[167],"an":[168],"encouraging":[169],"approach":[170,345],"outcomes.":[174,359],"explores":[177],"complexities":[179],"reprogramming":[182],"metformin's":[186,196,217],"role":[187,331],"inhibiting":[189],"these":[190],"pathways.":[192],"chemotherapy":[210],"Furthermore,":[213],"clinical":[214,268],"highlight":[216],"improving":[220],"patients.":[229],"also":[232],"addresses":[233],"synergistic":[235],"effects":[236,299],"combining":[238],"with":[240],"other":[241],"agents,":[243],"radiotherapy,":[248],"overcome":[250],"efficacy.":[256],"Despite":[257],"findings,":[260],"acknowledges":[263],"need":[265],"further":[267],"establish":[271],"optimal":[272],"dosing":[273],"regimens,":[274],"understand":[275],"molecular":[277],"mechanisms":[278],"underlying":[279],"antitumor":[281],"effects,":[282],"populations":[286],"that":[287],"benefit":[289],"most":[291],"from":[292],"metformin-based":[293],"Additionally,":[295],"side":[298],"long-term":[302],"impact":[303],"on":[306],"Glioma":[307],"patients":[308],"require":[309],"careful":[310],"evaluation.":[311],"In":[312],"conclusion,":[313],"this":[314],"underscores":[316],"treatment,":[327],"emphasizing":[328],"multifaceted":[330],"targeting":[333],"dysregulation.":[335],"holds":[337],"promise":[338],"part":[340],"landscape":[350],"offers":[354],"hope":[355],"better":[357]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2025-02-18T00:00:00"}
