{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407614280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70847/592808","title":"Leveraging Prolog's Declarative Power for Clustering Student Performance in a Timed Quiz","display_name":"Leveraging Prolog's Declarative Power for Clustering Student Performance in a Timed Quiz","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407614280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70847/592808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.70847/592808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70847/592808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70847/592808","pdf_url":"https://ijmshe.com/index.php/pub/article/download/106/29","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407049575","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Higher Education","issn_l":"3082-3021","issn":["3082-3021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ijmshe.com/index.php/pub/article/download/106/29","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113959655","display_name":"Malakit L. Ram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6349-8681","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6349-8681"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132505570","display_name":"Southern Leyte State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530tab10","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132505570"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malakit Ram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Leyte State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Leyte State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132505570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116287737","display_name":"Renee Clint Gortifacion","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132505570","display_name":"Southern Leyte State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530tab10","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132505570"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renee Clint Gortifacion","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Leyte State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Leyte State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132505570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106010146","display_name":"Jose C. Agoylo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8008-8206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8008-8206"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132505570","display_name":"Southern Leyte State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530tab10","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132505570"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Agoylo Jr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Leyte State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Leyte State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132505570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104425851","display_name":"Jorton A. Tagud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2057-7504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2057-7504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132505570","display_name":"Southern Leyte State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530tab10","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132505570"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorton Tagud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Leyte State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Leyte State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132505570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132505570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9126,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74592904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"105","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.031599998474121094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-performance-analysis","display_name":"student performance analysis","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-assessment","display_name":"automated assessment","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-learning","display_name":"adaptive learning","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-means-clustering","display_name":"K-means clustering","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-feedback","display_name":"real-time feedback","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-data-mining","display_name":"educational data mining","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-education","display_name":"programming education","score":0.5180000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7512823343276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7161843180656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81721847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163468","display_name":"Prolog","level":2,"score":0.6768516898155212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5423908233642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195818886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421724","display_name":"Expressive power","level":2,"score":0.4653312563896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.419749915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146206909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531152","display_name":"Declarative programming","level":4,"score":0.41155678033828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20511454343795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.70847/592808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70847/592808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70847/592808","pdf_url":"https://ijmshe.com/index.php/pub/article/download/106/29","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407049575","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Higher Education","issn_l":"3082-3021","issn":["3082-3021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:neliti.com:592808","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.neliti.com/publications/592808/leveraging-prolog-s-declarative-power-for-clustering-student-performance-in-a-ti","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055263","display_name":"Neliti","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Higher Education","raw_type":"Journal:eArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.70847/592808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70847/592808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70847/592808","pdf_url":"https://ijmshe.com/index.php/pub/article/download/106/29","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407049575","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Higher Education","issn_l":"3082-3021","issn":["3082-3021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Higher Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9901999831199646,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407614280.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407614280.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310494058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3155900276","https://openalex.org/W3162601335","https://openalex.org/W4390283285","https://openalex.org/W3086838501","https://openalex.org/W6963879697","https://openalex.org/W4395464169","https://openalex.org/W4396692873","https://openalex.org/W6893285032","https://openalex.org/W4394564995","https://openalex.org/W4413992860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Student":[0],"performance":[1,93],"analysis":[2],"in":[3,8],"programming":[4],"education":[5],"presents":[6],"challenges":[7],"identifying":[9],"learning":[10,28,62],"patterns":[11],"and":[12,53,60,99,110,138,142],"addressing":[13],"diverse":[14],"needs.":[15],"This":[16],"study":[17],"introduces":[18],"an":[19,58],"automated":[20],"Prolog-based":[21,146],"quiz":[22,33,72],"program":[23,41],"designed":[24],"to":[25,46,81],"evaluate":[26],"student":[27],"progression":[29],"through":[30],"a":[31,70],"structured":[32],"system.":[34],"Unlike":[35],"conventional":[36],"assessment":[37],"tools,":[38],"the":[39,77,132,140],"Prolog":[40],"leverages":[42],"its":[43],"declarative":[44],"nature":[45],"dynamically":[47],"generate":[48],"questions,":[49],"offer":[50],"real-time":[51],"feedback,":[52],"facilitate":[54],"level-based":[55],"progression,":[56],"ensuring":[57],"interactive":[59],"adaptive":[61],"experience.":[63],"Data":[64],"collected":[65],"from":[66],"140":[67],"students":[68,83,119],"during":[69],"15-minute":[71],"session":[73],"was":[74],"analyzed":[75],"using":[76],"K-Means":[78],"clustering":[79,149],"algorithm":[80],"group":[82],"based":[84],"on":[85],"their":[86],"highest":[87],"achieved":[88],"levels.":[89],"Clusters":[90],"revealed":[91],"distinct":[92],"profiles:":[94],"foundational":[95],"challenges,":[96],"transitional":[97],"difficulties,":[98],"variability":[100],"among":[101],"advanced":[102,127],"learners.":[103],"Visualizations,":[104],"including":[105],"scatter":[106],"plots,":[107,112],"bar":[108],"charts,":[109],"box":[111],"highlighted":[113],"these":[114],"clusters,":[115],"showing":[116],"that":[117],"most":[118],"struggled":[120],"with":[121,148],"intermediate":[122],"levels,":[123],"while":[124],"fewer":[125],"mastered":[126],"topics.":[128],"The":[129],"findings":[130],"underscore":[131],"need":[133],"for":[134,151],"tailored":[135],"educational":[136,153],"interventions":[137],"demonstrate":[139],"novelty":[141],"efficacy":[143],"of":[144],"combining":[145],"assessments":[147],"techniques":[150],"scalable":[152],"data":[154],"mining.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-02-17T00:00:00"}