{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407430833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","title":"Optimizing district heating operations: Network modeling and its implications on system efficiency and operation","display_name":"Optimizing district heating operations: Network modeling and its implications on system efficiency and operation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407430833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228472","display_name":"Smart Energy","issn_l":"2666-9552","issn":["2666-9552"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036434682","display_name":"Pascal Friedrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9707-4314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9707-4314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Friedrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology and Economics of Multimodal Energy Systems Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Landgraf-Georg-Str. 4, Darmstadt, 64283, Hessen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9707-4314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Economics of Multimodal Energy Systems Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Landgraf-Georg-Str. 4, Darmstadt, 64283, Hessen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007282245","display_name":"Thanh Huynh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-9821","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-9821"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanh Huynh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG, Schuckerstr. 2, Erlangen, 91058, Bayern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, Schuckerstr. 2, Erlangen, 91058, Bayern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009925543","display_name":"Stefan Niessen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-6789","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-6789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Niessen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG, Schuckerstr. 2, Erlangen, 91058, Bayern, Germany","Technology and Economics of Multimodal Energy Systems Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Landgraf-Georg-Str. 4, Darmstadt, 64283, Hessen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, Schuckerstr. 2, Erlangen, 91058, Bayern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Economics of Multimodal Energy Systems Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Landgraf-Georg-Str. 4, Darmstadt, 64283, Hessen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036434682"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"fwci":3.1728,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92379415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"100175","last_page":"100175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/district-heating","display_name":"district heating","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-pumps","display_name":"heat pumps","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combined-heat-and-power","display_name":"combined heat and power","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-welfare-maximization","display_name":"social welfare maximization","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-effects","display_name":"transient effects","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-price-forecasting","display_name":"energy price forecasting","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modelica-simulation","display_name":"Modelica simulation","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5255410075187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.3730200529098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.35923004150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3325933814048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27788805961608887}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228472","display_name":"Smart Energy","issn_l":"2666-9552","issn":["2666-9552"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2025.100175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228472","display_name":"Smart Energy","issn_l":"2666-9552","issn":["2666-9552"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5142999887466431,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5313681245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"03EN3012A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4303701741","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4303701741","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/02vgg2808"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489201815","https://openalex.org/W1966205829","https://openalex.org/W2011938518","https://openalex.org/W2012437007","https://openalex.org/W2018556306","https://openalex.org/W2055603026","https://openalex.org/W2069402544","https://openalex.org/W2212601503","https://openalex.org/W2474766975","https://openalex.org/W2476946259","https://openalex.org/W2479890592","https://openalex.org/W2492189553","https://openalex.org/W2579333907","https://openalex.org/W2726296424","https://openalex.org/W2888807371","https://openalex.org/W2938641299","https://openalex.org/W2995931010","https://openalex.org/W3028557134","https://openalex.org/W3049742430","https://openalex.org/W3082919305","https://openalex.org/W3136992833","https://openalex.org/W3169904586","https://openalex.org/W3175409271","https://openalex.org/W3200728362","https://openalex.org/W3203540209","https://openalex.org/W4239880252","https://openalex.org/W4309775960","https://openalex.org/W4403910402","https://openalex.org/W6945954445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"utilization":[1],"of":[2,25,45,143,171,212,232],"local":[3,39],"heat":[4,40,153,213,217],"sources":[5,218],"in":[6,33,129,166,219,228,235,239],"urban":[7],"areas":[8],"necessitates":[9],"integrating":[10],"various":[11],"suppliers":[12],"into":[13],"District":[14,49],"Heating":[15,50],"Systems":[16],"(DHSs),":[17],"considering":[18],"the":[19,31,43,48,140,149,169,178,189],"diverse":[20],"ownership":[21],"and":[22,36,74,93,106,109,120,200,215],"physical":[23,164],"characteristics":[24],"these":[26],"sources.":[27],"This":[28,134],"study":[29,185],"addresses":[30],"challenges":[32],"operational":[34,66,75,157],"planning":[35,203],"pricing":[37],"through":[38,162],"markets,":[41],"emphasizing":[42],"importance":[44],"accurately":[46],"representing":[47],"Network":[51],"(DHN)":[52],"physics":[53],"for":[54,64,132,193,204,226],"reliable":[55],"market":[56],"matching.":[57],"We":[58],"explore":[59],"different":[60],"DHN":[61],"modeling":[62],"approaches":[63],"day-ahead":[65],"planning,":[67],"balancing":[68],"between":[69,103,118],"numerical":[70],"efficiency,":[71],"economic":[72],"viability,":[73],"feasibility.":[76],"Our":[77],"models,":[78],"ranging":[79],"from":[80],"mixed-integer":[81],"linear":[82,199],"to":[83,86,99,138,151],"non-linear,":[84],"aim":[85],"maximize":[87],"social":[88],"welfare":[89],"under":[90],"steady-state":[91],"conditions":[92],"are":[94,159],"tested":[95],"on":[96,174],"small":[97],"scenarios":[98],"highlight":[100,139],"potential":[101,233],"synergies":[102],"Heatpumps":[104],"(HPs)":[105],"Combined":[107],"Heat":[108],"Power":[110],"Units":[111],"(CHPs).":[112],"Assuming":[113],"regulations":[114],"enable":[115],"cost-competitive":[116],"operations":[117],"HPs":[119],"CHP":[121],"units,":[122],"we":[123],"anchor":[124],"our":[125],"energy":[126,224],"price":[127],"assumptions":[128],"2030":[130],"forecasts":[131],"Germany.":[133],"approach":[135],"allows":[136],"us":[137],"techno-economic":[141],"advantages":[142],"leveraging":[144],"non-linear":[145,201],"model":[146,191],"flexibility":[147],"during":[148],"transition":[150],"sustainable":[152],"supply.":[154],"The":[155,184],"model\u2019s":[156],"schedules":[158],"further":[160],"validated":[161],"detailed":[163],"simulations":[165],"Modelica,":[167],"revealing":[168],"impact":[170],"transient":[172],"effects":[173],"actual":[175],"performance,":[176],"particularly":[177],"risks":[179],"associated":[180],"with":[181,237],"thermo-hydraulic":[182],"oscillations.":[183],"concludes":[186],"by":[187],"discussing":[188],"required":[190],"complexity":[192],"effective":[194],"DHS":[195],"scheduling.":[196],"\u2022":[197,209,222,230],"Mixed-integer":[198],"operation":[202,236],"4th":[205],"Gen.":[206],"district":[207],"heating.":[208],"Demonstrating":[210],"synergy":[211],"pumps":[214],"conventional":[216],"nonlinear":[220],"models.":[221],"Realistic":[223],"prices":[225],"Germany":[227],"2030.":[229],"Discussion":[231],"oscillations":[234],"simulation":[238],"Modelica.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
