{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407429975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5225-2026","title":"Veris: fast & efficient sea-ice modeling in Python with GPU acceleration","display_name":"Veris: fast & efficient sea-ice modeling in Python with GPU acceleration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407429975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5225-2026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/gmd-19-5225-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5225-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5225-2026","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/5225/2026/gmd-19-5225-2026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific model development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-959X","1991-9603"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/5225/2026/gmd-19-5225-2026.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019816508","display_name":"Jan P. G\u00e4rtner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8460-7358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8460-7358"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan P. G\u00e4rtner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung (Bremerhaven, Germany)","Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Polar- und Meeresforschung"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8460-7358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung (Bremerhaven, Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Polar- und Meeresforschung","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009150889","display_name":"Martin L\u00f6sch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3824-5244","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3824-5244"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Losch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany","Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3824-5244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Suvarchal K. Cheedela","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE","DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suvarchal K. Cheedela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany","University of Copenhagen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Copenhagen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034808833","display_name":"Markus Jochum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2690-3139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2690-3139"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Jochum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009454460","display_name":"Roman B. Nuterman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-3460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-3460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Nuterman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-3460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725},"fwci":3.7793,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90259439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"12","first_page":"5225","last_page":"5236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.6904000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.6904000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.22859999537467957,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.03189999982714653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-modeling","display_name":"sea ice modeling","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/veris","display_name":"VERIS","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jax","display_name":"JAX","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpu-acceleration","display_name":"GPU acceleration","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitgcm","display_name":"MITgcm","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vero","display_name":"Vero","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-ocean-interaction","display_name":"sea ice-ocean interaction","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-model-performance","display_name":"climate model performance","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-performance-computing","display_name":"high-performance computing","score":0.7080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.8272096514701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6584535241127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.5509834885597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.4567398428916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4419063329696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4388176202774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3642025589942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3140368163585663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.1653842329978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15362653136253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/gmd-19-5225-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5225-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5225-2026","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/5225/2026/gmd-19-5225-2026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific model development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-959X","1991-9603"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.22541/essoar.173940251.11733929/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.173940251.11733929/v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.173940251.11733929/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ab9fc641c5640589ee2f42e5218dfc8","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ab9fc641c5640589ee2f42e5218dfc8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Geoscientific Model Development, Vol 19, Pp 5225-5236 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/gmd-19-5225-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5225-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-5225-2026","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/5225/2026/gmd-19-5225-2026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific model development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-959X","1991-9603"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407429975.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407429975.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121095568","https://openalex.org/W279951943","https://openalex.org/W331390909","https://openalex.org/W1556387017","https://openalex.org/W1570976541","https://openalex.org/W1983349253","https://openalex.org/W1993262300","https://openalex.org/W2007951070","https://openalex.org/W2013143827","https://openalex.org/W2014035535","https://openalex.org/W2057313876","https://openalex.org/W2081242452","https://openalex.org/W2117920489","https://openalex.org/W2146901682","https://openalex.org/W2175906253","https://openalex.org/W2274167053","https://openalex.org/W2306349263","https://openalex.org/W2788749677","https://openalex.org/W2897504747","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3084280436","https://openalex.org/W3207047737","https://openalex.org/W3215264108","https://openalex.org/W4281647391","https://openalex.org/W4382142107","https://openalex.org/W4402138746","https://openalex.org/W6892740511","https://openalex.org/W6930822645","https://openalex.org/W6949022664","https://openalex.org/W6968025697","https://openalex.org/W6968071563","https://openalex.org/W7164315780"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3215264108","https://openalex.org/W3167196344","https://openalex.org/W2788749677","https://openalex.org/W4240729191","https://openalex.org/W4396600977","https://openalex.org/W4377044047","https://openalex.org/W4387369164","https://openalex.org/W4316589716","https://openalex.org/W7172449243","https://openalex.org/W7204134865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Climate":[0],"models":[1,75,100,111],"are":[2,112],"typically":[3],"developed":[4],"in":[5,12,25,49,124,244],"Fortran,":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,101,121,149,228],"its":[9,16],"long-standing":[10],"use":[11,48],"scientific":[13],"computing":[14,60],"and":[15,31,36,43,96,128],"excellent":[17],"computational":[18,134],"performance.":[19],"While":[20],"Python":[21,42,150],"offers":[22],"significant":[23],"advantages":[24],"terms":[26,125],"of":[27,34,88,106,126,152,157,199],"code":[28],"readability,":[29],"maintainability,":[30],"the":[32,38,86,89,103,133,153,158,178,186,197,200,223],"availability":[33],"libraries":[35],"tools,":[37],"performance":[39,87,127,198],"gap":[40,63],"between":[41],"Fortran":[44,148,187,202],"has":[45],"limited":[46],"Python\u2019s":[47],"large":[50,242],"scale":[51],"climate":[52,74,110],"simulations.":[53,246],"The":[54],"JAX":[55,92,176],"library":[56],"for":[57],"array":[58],"based":[59],"addresses":[61],"this":[62],"by":[64],"enabling":[65],"Just-In-Time":[66],"compilation,":[67],"which":[68],"significantly":[69],"enhances":[70],"execution":[71],"speed.":[72],"As":[73],"iterate":[76],"over":[77],"numerous":[78],"time":[79],"steps,":[80],"using":[81],"compiled":[82],"functions":[83],"substantially":[84],"increases":[85],"model.":[90],"Furthermore,":[91],"supports":[93],"both":[94,123],"CPU":[95],"GPU":[97],"execution,":[98],"allowing":[99],"leverage":[102],"high":[104],"parallelism":[105],"GPUs.":[107],"Given":[108],"that":[109,145,173,237],"highly":[113],"parallelizable,":[114],"GPUs":[115],"offer":[116],"a":[117,141,147,166,192,230],"more":[118],"efficient":[119],"alternative":[120],"CPUs,":[122],"energy":[129],"consumption,":[130],"thereby":[131],"reducing":[132],"carbon":[135],"footprint.":[136],"This":[137],"work":[138],"presents":[139],"Veris,":[140],"sea":[142,154,234],"ice":[143,155],"model":[144,161,226],"is":[146,180],"translation":[151],"component":[156],"general":[159],"circulation":[160],"MITgcm.":[162],"Benchmark":[163],"tests":[164],"on":[165,191,205,208,214],"grid":[167,170],"with":[168,175,222,241],"$10^6$":[169],"cells":[171],"show":[172],"Veris":[174,195,218],"as":[177],"backend":[179],"only":[181],"1.7":[182],"times":[183],"slower":[184],"than":[185],"reference.":[188],"When":[189],"running":[190,204],"high-end":[193],"GPU,":[194],"matches":[196],"parallelized":[201],"reference":[203],"45":[206,209],"CPUs":[207,213],"nodes":[210],"or":[211],"224":[212],"2":[215],"nodes.":[216],"Additionally,":[217],"can":[219,238],"be":[220,239],"coupled":[221,233],"Python-based":[224,232],"ocean":[225],"Veros":[227],"form":[229],"fully":[231],"ice-ocean":[235],"model,":[236],"used":[240],"grids":[243],"HPC-based":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2025-02-13T00:00:00"}