{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407425698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116742","title":"COVID-19 study quantifying daily viral loads confirms throat samples are key to early diagnosis","display_name":"COVID-19 study quantifying daily viral loads confirms throat samples are key to early diagnosis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407425698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116742","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39965480","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11932388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80485324","display_name":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","issn_l":"0732-8893","issn":["0732-8893","1879-0070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11932388/pdf/nihms-2064300.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057264233","display_name":"Alexander Viloria Winnett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7338-5605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7338-5605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Viloria Winnett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA; UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, Los Angeles CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA; UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, Los Angeles CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044420579","display_name":"Natasha Shelby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-3663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-3663"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natasha Shelby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091057740","display_name":"Rustem F. Ismagilov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-4399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-4399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rustem F. Ismagilov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA. Electronic address: rustem.admin@caltech.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-4399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA. Electronic address: rustem.admin@caltech.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091057740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7628,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64788676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"4","first_page":"116742","last_page":"116742"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11754","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11754","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-load","display_name":"viral load","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throat-swabs","display_name":"throat swabs","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasopharyngeal-specimens","display_name":"nasopharyngeal samples","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-diagnosis","display_name":"early diagnosis","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-transmission","display_name":"household transmission","score":0.9340000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776989088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16364","display_name":"Throat","level":2,"score":0.8021739721298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.767451822757721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.687109649181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.6655530333518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5793831944465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4760834276676178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.47157683968544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.42498379945755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16532287","display_name":"Betacoronavirus","level":5,"score":0.42169976234436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3029240667819977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.2743162512779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.20262804627418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.09140965342521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.06693923473358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80485324","display_name":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","issn_l":"0732-8893","issn":["0732-8893","1879-0070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11932388","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39965480/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11932388/pdf/nihms-2064300.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39965480","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39965480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","raw_type":"Letter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11932388","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39965480/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11932388/pdf/nihms-2064300.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3604013175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32GM008042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337544","funder_display_name":"Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5303777785","display_name":"California Institute of Technology - to characterize the virological features of a cohort of COVID-19 positive patients for improving diagnostic test deployment and understanding of tr...","funder_award_id":"INV-023124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","funder_display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5320621710","display_name":"UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program","funder_award_id":"T32GM008042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5874248160","display_name":"Longitudinal mucosal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 starting prior to infection","funder_award_id":"F30AI167524","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5953148452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F30AI167524","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337544","funder_display_name":"Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337544","display_name":"Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/05aq6yn88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407425698.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407425698.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220786037","https://openalex.org/W4220987722","https://openalex.org/W4221135099","https://openalex.org/W4283662628","https://openalex.org/W4324138987","https://openalex.org/W4380577322","https://openalex.org/W4389377197","https://openalex.org/W4405122200","https://openalex.org/W4406306620","https://openalex.org/W4409577775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034159438","https://openalex.org/W4324138987","https://openalex.org/W3026373277","https://openalex.org/W4405122200","https://openalex.org/W3217747058","https://openalex.org/W3156360947","https://openalex.org/W3047341345","https://openalex.org/W4200286577","https://openalex.org/W3087394725","https://openalex.org/W3046897101"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2025-02-13T00:00:00"}