{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407189300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","title":"Human trafficking in the Western Balkans: a review of legal and security perspectives","display_name":"Human trafficking in the Western Balkans: a review of legal and security perspectives","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407189300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220036","display_name":"Revista de drept constitu\u0163ional","issn_l":"2457-8754","issn":["2457-8754","2810-1979"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"REVISTA DE DREPT CONSTITU\u0162IONAL - CONSTITUTIONAL LAW REVIEW","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093315148","display_name":"Stela Karaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5472-1685","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5472-1685"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stela KARAJ","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093315148"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"2","first_page":"27","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.7534000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.7534000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11350","display_name":"Sex work and related issues","score":0.2117999941110611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-trafficking","display_name":"human trafficking","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-balkans","display_name":"Western Balkans","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-security","display_name":"regional security","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-trafficking-legislation","display_name":"anti-trafficking legislation","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victim-protection","display_name":"victim protection","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victim-rehabilitation","display_name":"victim rehabilitation","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"law enforcement","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corruption","display_name":"corruption","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organized-crime","display_name":"organized crime","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism","display_name":"terrorism","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-cooperation","display_name":"regional cooperation","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-capacity","display_name":"institutional capacity","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"human rights","score":0.41499999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779449393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302285","display_name":"Human security","level":2,"score":0.597407877445221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5954357981681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984309518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181784","display_name":"Human trafficking","level":2,"score":0.5913640260696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.31133896112442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2334403693675995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.22831875085830688}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220036","display_name":"Revista de drept constitu\u0163ional","issn_l":"2457-8754","issn":["2457-8754","2810-1979"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"REVISTA DE DREPT CONSTITU\u0162IONAL - CONSTITUTIONAL LAW REVIEW","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.62938/rdc-2024-2-0002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220036","display_name":"Revista de drept constitu\u0163ional","issn_l":"2457-8754","issn":["2457-8754","2810-1979"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"REVISTA DE DREPT CONSTITU\u0162IONAL - CONSTITUTIONAL LAW REVIEW","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407189300.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407189300.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002222547","https://openalex.org/W2125485570","https://openalex.org/W3162070067","https://openalex.org/W4366464280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W638772000","https://openalex.org/W2002222547","https://openalex.org/W1691953920","https://openalex.org/W7071473890","https://openalex.org/W3120081798","https://openalex.org/W2189232755","https://openalex.org/W7130998615","https://openalex.org/W3216685657","https://openalex.org/W1246411224","https://openalex.org/W4411468249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"trafficking":[1,96],"is":[2,21],"one":[3],"of":[4,39,59,85,90,166,171],"the":[5,17,37,40,44,57,88,115,140,149,164,167],"most":[6],"complex":[7,160],"and":[8,13,29,46,56,61,82,107,120,123,129,133,143,154,162,169],"threatening":[9],"challenges":[10,58],"to":[11,24,100,138,157],"human":[12],"regional":[14,53,111,119],"security":[15],"in":[16,49,73,95],"Western":[18,50],"Balkans.This":[19],"issue":[20,161],"closely":[22],"connected":[23],"socio-economic":[25],"factors,":[26],"institutional":[27,145],"weaknesses,":[28],"corruption,":[30],"impacting":[31],"not":[32],"only":[33],"individuals":[34],"but":[35],"also":[36],"stability":[38],"region.This":[41],"study":[42,147],"examines":[43],"legal":[45,116],"political":[47],"frameworks":[48],"Balkan":[51],"countries,":[52],"cooperation":[54],"efforts,":[55],"protecting":[60],"rehabilitating":[62],"victims.The":[63],"findings":[64],"indicate":[65],"that":[66],"while":[67],"significant":[68],"progress":[69],"has":[70],"been":[71],"made":[72],"aligning":[74],"legislation":[75],"with":[76],"international":[77,121],"standards,":[78],"weak":[79],"law":[80],"enforcement":[81],"a":[83],"lack":[84],"resources":[86],"limit":[87],"impact":[89],"these":[91],"efforts.Criminal":[92],"networks":[93],"involved":[94],"are":[97,136],"often":[98],"linked":[99],"other":[101],"threats,":[102],"such":[103],"as":[104],"organized":[105],"crime":[106],"terrorism,":[108],"further":[109],"undermining":[110],"security.Recommendations":[112],"include":[113],"strengthening":[114],"framework,":[117],"promoting":[118],"cooperation,":[122],"improving":[124],"mechanisms":[125],"for":[126,151],"victim":[127],"protection":[128,165],"reintegration.Additionally,":[130],"sustainable":[131],"policies":[132],"dedicated":[134],"funding":[135],"needed":[137],"address":[139],"root":[141],"causes":[142],"enhance":[144],"capacities.This":[146],"highlights":[148],"need":[150],"an":[152],"integrated":[153],"comprehensive":[155],"approach":[156],"addressing":[158],"this":[159],"ensuring":[163],"rights":[168],"dignity":[170],"victims.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-02-06T00:00:00"}