{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407182934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217984925501155","title":"The role of machine learning in analyzing magnetic field localization and vortex generation in tetra-hybrid nanofluid: A numerical study","display_name":"The role of machine learning in analyzing magnetic field localization and vortex generation in tetra-hybrid nanofluid: A numerical study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407182934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217984925501155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0217984925501155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217984925501155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217984925501155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88537382","display_name":"Modern Physics Letters B","issn_l":"0217-9849","issn":["0217-9849","1793-6640"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern Physics Letters B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030124641","display_name":"Shabbir Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7152-1354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7152-1354"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126460647","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande","ror":"https://ror.org/05hpfkn88","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126460647"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114955","display_name":"Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023e9bm81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114955"]}],"countries":["BR","PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shabbir Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan","Graduate Program of Ocean Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Italia Avenue, km 8, 96201-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7152-1354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114955"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program of Ocean Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Italia Avenue, km 8, 96201-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126460647"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019597465","display_name":"Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-2350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-2350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126460647","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande","ror":"https://ror.org/05hpfkn88","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126460647"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["FURG, Escola de Engenharia, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil","Graduate Program of Ocean Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Italia Avenue, km 8, 96201-900, Brazil","Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Modelagem Computacional, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203900, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-2350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FURG, Escola de Engenharia, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126460647"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program of Ocean Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Italia Avenue, km 8, 96201-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126460647"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Modelagem Computacional, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203900, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126460647"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051604458","display_name":"Kashif Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-6691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-6691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114955","display_name":"Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023e9bm81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114955"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kashif Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-6691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079820359","display_name":"Moin\u2010ud\u2010Din Junjua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-1532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-1532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116806","display_name":"Ghazi University","ror":"https://ror.org/023a7t361","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116806"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moin-ud-Din Junjua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan","School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-1532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006515970","display_name":"Zafar Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-1432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-1432","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3769-8244"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zafar Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-1432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068934959","display_name":"Farhan Lafta Rashid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7609-6585","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7609-6585"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142005","display_name":"University of Kerbala","ror":"https://ror.org/0449bkp65","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142005"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhan Lafta Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7609-6585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070327993","display_name":"Noureddine Ali Elboughdiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-3062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-3062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088963","display_name":"University of Ha'il","ror":"https://ror.org/013w98a82","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noureddine Elboughdiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha\u2019il, P.O.\u00a0Box 2440, Ha\u2019il 81441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-3062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha\u2019il, P.O.\u00a0Box 2440, Ha\u2019il 81441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064037919","display_name":"Yashar Aryanfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0835-7894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0835-7894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113330528","display_name":"Khazar University","ror":"https://ror.org/014te7048","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113330528"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114756412","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez","ror":"https://ror.org/05fj8cf83","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114756412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["AZ","CN","MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yashar Aryanfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric Engineering and Computation. Autonomous University of Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez. Av. Del Charro 450 Norte. Col. Partido Romero. Ju\u00e1rez, Chihuahua, M\u00e9xico","The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China","Thermo-Fluids Research Group, Khazar University, Baku, AZ, Azerbaijan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0835-7894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric Engineering and Computation. Autonomous University of Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez. Av. Del Charro 450 Norte. Col. Partido Romero. Ju\u00e1rez, Chihuahua, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114756412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thermo-Fluids Research Group, Khazar University, Baku, AZ, Azerbaijan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113330528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048088469","display_name":"Ahmed S. Hendy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-7243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-7243"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130823665","display_name":"Ural Federal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hs7dr46","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130823665"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130874397","display_name":"Western Caspian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cgtjz78","country_code":"AZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130874397"]}],"countries":["AZ","RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. Hendy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia","Department of Mechanics and Mathematics, Western Caspian University, Baku, 1001, Azerbaijan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-7243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130823665"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanics and Mathematics, Western Caspian University, Baku, 1001, Azerbaijan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130874397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":8,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030124641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126460647","https://openalex.org/I4210114955"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2323,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92732339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"25","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13116","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Numerical Methods","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-nanofluid","display_name":"hybrid nanofluid","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetra-hybrid-nanofluid","display_name":"tetra-hybrid nanofluid","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-localization","display_name":"magnetic localization","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vortex-formation","display_name":"vortex formation","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lid-driven-cavity-flow","display_name":"lid-driven cavity flow","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"heat transfer","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nusselt-number","display_name":"Nusselt number","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-friction","display_name":"skin friction","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-volume-fraction","display_name":"nanoparticle volume fraction","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reynolds-number","display_name":"Reynolds number","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"machine learning","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21946209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679","display_name":"Nanofluid","level":3,"score":0.8809440732002258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140820882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732722","display_name":"Vortex","level":2,"score":0.7250218391418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777873363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13533436","display_name":"Tetra","level":2,"score":0.6217876672744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5322738885879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.5287843346595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38458144664764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3600316643714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3303971290588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.32154154777526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18696853518486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.1036672294139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08263096213340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0217984925501155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217984925501155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217984925501155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88537382","display_name":"Modern Physics Letters B","issn_l":"0217-9849","issn":["0217-9849","1793-6640"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modern Physics Letters B","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015465361","https://openalex.org/W2019433831","https://openalex.org/W2042045731","https://openalex.org/W2049973561","https://openalex.org/W2073202078","https://openalex.org/W2107599561","https://openalex.org/W2111352333","https://openalex.org/W2520422817","https://openalex.org/W2733185460","https://openalex.org/W2758998517","https://openalex.org/W2907061239","https://openalex.org/W2942094205","https://openalex.org/W2970219924","https://openalex.org/W2979432868","https://openalex.org/W3009609861","https://openalex.org/W3009777082","https://openalex.org/W3045701226","https://openalex.org/W3112460933","https://openalex.org/W3127292768","https://openalex.org/W3216993395","https://openalex.org/W3217541810","https://openalex.org/W4212770032","https://openalex.org/W4321189946","https://openalex.org/W4379114461","https://openalex.org/W4386617049","https://openalex.org/W4387654077","https://openalex.org/W4388347919","https://openalex.org/W4388406081","https://openalex.org/W4389208112","https://openalex.org/W4391052062","https://openalex.org/W4393132349","https://openalex.org/W4396717223","https://openalex.org/W4401111429","https://openalex.org/W4402280259","https://openalex.org/W4402512976"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404755916","https://openalex.org/W4391052062","https://openalex.org/W4388825760","https://openalex.org/W4403422633","https://openalex.org/W4389173975","https://openalex.org/W7115172202","https://openalex.org/W4367295883","https://openalex.org/W4405013255","https://openalex.org/W4386174104","https://openalex.org/W4383960011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"distinguishes":[2],"itself":[3],"by":[4],"integrating":[5],"machine":[6],"learning":[7],"algorithms":[8],"to":[9,57,59,82,190,201],"assess":[10],"the":[11,25,36,61,88,92,103,135,153,157,161,165,181,191,202],"impact":[12,134],"of":[13,27,47,71,91,137,141,156,167],"confined":[14],"magnetic":[15,32,68,121,150,169,192],"fields":[16,151],"on":[17,39,102],"vortex":[18],"dynamics":[19],"in":[20,139,209],"hybrid":[21],"nanofluid":[22,93],"flow,":[23],"through":[24],"inclusion":[26],"both":[28,213],"vertical":[29,41],"and":[30,73,95,106,129,143,160,221],"horizontal":[31,74],"field":[33,69,122,170],"strips.":[34,75],"Specifically,":[35],"study":[37],"focuses":[38],"a":[40,50,66,108,168,186,197],"cavity":[42],"with":[43],"an":[44,84],"aspect":[45],"ratio":[46],"1:5,":[48],"where":[49],"bottom":[51],"lid":[52],"moves":[53],"horizontally":[54],"from":[55],"left":[56],"right":[58],"drive":[60],"flow.":[62],"We":[63],"have":[64,78],"applied":[65],"limited":[67],"consisting":[70],"vertical,":[72],"The":[76,98,112,146],"authors":[77],"developed":[79],"MATLAB":[80],"codes":[81],"implement":[83],"algorithm":[85,99,113],"for":[86,219],"solving":[87],"governing":[89],"equations":[90],"flow":[94,142,158],"heat":[96],"transfer.":[97],"is":[100,196],"based":[101],"Stream-Vorticity":[104],"formulation":[105],"uses":[107],"finite":[109],"difference":[110],"method.":[111],"can":[114],"examine":[115],"how":[116],"several":[117],"parameters,":[118],"such":[119],"as":[120],"strength":[123],"(0\u2013300),":[124],"nanoparticle":[125],"volume":[126],"fraction":[127],"(0\u201320%),":[128],"Reynolds":[130],"number":[131,183],"(Re)":[132],"(1\u201350),":[133],"characteristics":[136],"nanofluids":[138],"terms":[140],"thermal":[144],"properties.":[145],"results":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"that":[149,180],"influence":[152],"stress":[154,173],"distribution":[155],"pattern":[159],"temperature":[162],"distribution.":[163,174],"Further,":[164],"presence":[166],"also":[171],"affects":[172],"Moreover,":[175],"it":[176],"has":[177],"been":[178],"determined":[179],"Nusselt":[182],"(Nu)":[184],"experiences":[185],"60%":[187],"increase":[188],"due":[189],"field,":[193],"while":[194],"there":[195],"remarkable":[198],"rise":[199],"attributed":[200],"Re.":[203],"Similarly,":[204],"significant":[205],"changes":[206],"are":[207],"observed":[208],"skin":[210],"friction":[211],"under":[212],"parameters.":[214],"These":[215],"findings":[216],"carry":[217],"implications":[218],"designing":[220],"operating":[222],"devices.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-02-06T00:00:00"}
