{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407062913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v15i1.79314","title":"Barriers of achieving and maintaining glycemic target among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy","display_name":"Barriers of achieving and maintaining glycemic target among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407062913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v15i1.79314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3329/birdem.v15i1.79314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v15i1.79314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v15i1.79314","pdf_url":"https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BIRDEM/article/download/79314/51854","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764898515","display_name":"BIRDEM Medical Journal","issn_l":"2305-3712","issn":["2305-3712","2305-3720"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BIRDEM Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BIRDEM/article/download/79314/51854","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006794897","display_name":"Mohammad Aminul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5107-5289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5107-5289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263212","display_name":"National Academy for Planning and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/03yr42517","country_code":"BD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263212"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Aminul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Officer, National Academy for Planning and Development(NAPD), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Officer, National Academy for Planning and Development(NAPD), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075597183","display_name":"Mita Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7293-5353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7293-5353"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201969901","display_name":"Bangladesh Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/042mrsz23","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201969901"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mita Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Officer, Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Officer, Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201969901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055512262","display_name":"Maliha Tabassum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8019-7308","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8019-7308"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maliha Tabassum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consultant, Ibrahim General Hospital & DCEC, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consultant, Ibrahim General Hospital & DCEC, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101083987","display_name":"Md. Shafikul Islam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Shafikul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Officer, Nasirnagar Upazilla Health Complex, Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Officer, Nasirnagar Upazilla Health Complex, Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024213942","display_name":"Israt Rezwana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573243","display_name":"Sir Salimullah Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02kj5x347","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573243"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israt Rezwana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registrar, Department of Medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registrar, Department of Medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097332353","display_name":"Umme Sumyia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umme Sumyia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Officer, National Institute of Burn & Plastic surgery, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Officer, National Institute of Burn & Plastic surgery, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Parijat Ghosh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parijat Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Endocrinology, Ad din Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Endocrinology, Ad din Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027794153","display_name":"Faria Afsana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-2196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-2196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800391996","display_name":"Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/047mvza98","country_code":"BD","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800391996"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faria Afsana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800391996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005478262","display_name":"Md Feroz Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7751-0600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7751-0600"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800391996","display_name":"Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/047mvza98","country_code":"BD","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800391996"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Feroz Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Endocrinology, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800391996"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111748486","display_name":"SM Ashrafuzzaman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088770","display_name":"Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/008971d44","country_code":"BD","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088770"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SM Ashrafuzzaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"34","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.5336999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.5336999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.2581000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.18950000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-therapy","display_name":"insulin therapy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-omission","display_name":"insulin omission","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-dose-adjustment","display_name":"insulin dose adjustment","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-monitoring-of-blood-glucose","display_name":"self-monitoring of blood glucose","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-adherence","display_name":"dietary adherence","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premixed-insulin","display_name":"premixed insulin","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-injection-technique","display_name":"insulin injection technique","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-knowledge","display_name":"patient knowledge","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.806616485118866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.751318097114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.6034061312675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5067246556282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.4483201205730438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.41597115993499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.33322855830192566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3329/birdem.v15i1.79314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v15i1.79314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v15i1.79314","pdf_url":"https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BIRDEM/article/download/79314/51854","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764898515","display_name":"BIRDEM Medical Journal","issn_l":"2305-3712","issn":["2305-3712","2305-3720"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BIRDEM Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3329/birdem.v15i1.79314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v15i1.79314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v15i1.79314","pdf_url":"https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BIRDEM/article/download/79314/51854","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764898515","display_name":"BIRDEM Medical Journal","issn_l":"2305-3712","issn":["2305-3712","2305-3720"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BIRDEM Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407062913.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407062913.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156312316","https://openalex.org/W6907704237","https://openalex.org/W2807331303","https://openalex.org/W4295013825","https://openalex.org/W2590965119","https://openalex.org/W2922968779","https://openalex.org/W4405108757","https://openalex.org/W4410131800","https://openalex.org/W2613746839","https://openalex.org/W7094604487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Many":[1],"obstacles":[2],"exist":[3],"that":[4],"lead":[5],"to":[6,30,35,45,80,99,286,295],"failure":[7],"of":[8,10,28,41,48,72,150,158,188,202,207,226,243,274],"achievement":[9],"glycemic":[11,52,228,269,277,298],"target":[12,53,255],"in":[13,69],"persons":[14],"with":[15,20,86,263],"diabetes":[16],"mellitus":[17],"(DM)":[18],"prescribed":[19],"insulin.":[21],"However,":[22],"there":[23],"is":[24],"an":[25],"inadequate":[26],"amount":[27],"data":[29],"address":[31],"these":[32],"barriers":[33,47,294],"and":[34,50,111,125,194,219,257,279],"make":[36],"effective":[37],"intervention.":[38],"The":[39,155,185],"aim":[40],"this":[42],"study":[43,65],"was":[44,66,102,142,161,173,190,230],"identify":[46],"achieving":[49],"maintaining":[51],"among":[54,175],"type":[55,87],"2":[56,88],"diabetic":[57],"patients":[58,85,180,209],"on":[59,90,254],"insulin":[60,91,123,198,212,231,258,280,283],"therapy.":[61],"Methods:":[62],"This":[63],"cross-sectional":[64],"carried":[67],"out":[68],"the":[70,105,109,159,176,208,249,287],"Department":[71],"Endocrinology,":[73],"BIRDEM":[74,300],"General":[75],"Hospital":[76],"from":[77,104,137],"March":[78],"2020":[79],"August":[81],"2022.":[82],"Total":[83],"384":[84],"DM":[89,189],"therapy":[92],"were":[93,115,127,135,169,196,261],"recruited":[94],"by":[95,107,144,215],"convenient":[96],"sampling.":[97],"Face":[98],"face":[100],"interview":[101],"taken":[103],"patient":[106,138],"following":[108,248],"inclusion":[110],"exclusion":[112],"criteria.":[113],"Patients":[114],"examined":[116],"for":[117,130,199],"his/her":[118],"injection":[119,121],"site,":[120],"technique;":[122],"vial":[124],"syringe":[126],"also":[128],"checked":[129],"any":[131],"mismatch.":[132],"Biochemical":[133],"reports":[134],"collected":[136],"records.":[139],"Data":[140],"analysis":[141],"done":[143],"SPSS":[145],"version":[146],"25":[147],"considering":[148],"level":[149],"significance":[151],"at":[152],"0.05.":[153],"Results:":[154],"mean":[156,186,201],"age":[157],"participants":[160],"56":[162],"\u00b1":[163],"10,":[164],"(m\u00b1SD)":[165],"years.":[166,205],"Majority":[167],"(73.9%)":[168],"obese.":[170],"Hypertension":[171],"(70.6%)":[172],"common":[174,224],"patients.":[177],"Few":[178],"(10.7%)":[179],"maintained":[181],"physical":[182,239,290],"exercise":[183,291],"regularly.":[184],"duration":[187],"12.15\u00b1":[191],"5.39":[192],"years":[193],"they":[195],"taking":[197],"a":[200],"4.40\u00b1":[203],"2.64":[204],"Most":[206,223],"took":[210],"premixed":[211,236],"(38.3%)":[213],"followed":[214],"split":[216],"mixed":[217],"(29.7%)":[218],"basal-bolus":[220],"(21.1%)":[221],"regimen.":[222],"cause":[225],"poor":[227,268],"control":[229,278],"omission":[232],"(46.4%).":[233],"Obesity,":[234],"using":[235],"insulin,":[237],"irregular":[238,241,289],"exercise,":[240],"self-monitoring":[242],"blood":[244],"glucose":[245,256],"(SMBG),":[246],"not":[247],"diet":[250],"chart,":[251],"no":[252],"education":[253],"dose":[259,281],"adjustment":[260],"associated":[262],"HbA1c":[264],">10%,":[265],"which":[266],"indicates":[267],"control.":[270,299],"Conclusion:":[271],"Overall,":[272],"lack":[273],"knowledge":[275],"about":[276],"adjustment,":[282],"omission,":[284],"non-adherence":[285],"diet,":[288],"act":[292],"as":[293],"achieve":[296],"optimum":[297],"Med":[301],"J":[302],"2025;":[303],"15(1):":[304],"34-38":[305]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2025-02-02T00:00:00"}