{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407045895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","title":"Distribution of trial registry numbers within full-text of PubMed Central articles: implications for linking trials to publications and indexing trial publication types","display_name":"Distribution of trial registry numbers within full-text of PubMed Central articles: implications for linking trials to publications and indexing trial publication types","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407045895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39891272","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11783733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","pdf_url":"https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109512841","display_name":"Trials","issn_l":"1745-6215","issn":["1745-6215"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062068244","display_name":"Arthur W. Holt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-2997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-2997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur M. Holt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116108990","display_name":"Ang Michael Troy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9895-2866","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9895-2866"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ang Michael Troy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033859037","display_name":"Neil R. Smalheiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-3406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-3406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neil R. Smalheiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. neils@uic.edu","Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. neils@uic.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033859037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2790},"fwci":4.4395,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95300593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"34","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.42579999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.42579999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.2371000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.09749999642372131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinicaltrials-gov","display_name":"ClinicalTrials.gov","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-reviews-and-meta-analyses","display_name":"systematic reviews and meta-analyses","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consort-guidelines","display_name":"CONSORT guidelines","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/article-metadata","display_name":"article metadata","score":0.6520000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.6602333784103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5747073888778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.5539259314537048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.49846720695495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4767928123474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4471853971481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.4189741015434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119839945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6545185","display_name":"Unique identifier","level":3,"score":0.41264086961746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4003509283065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3288078308105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2676439881324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.23484370112419128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000043","descriptor_name":"Abstracting and Indexing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012042","descriptor_name":"Registries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039781","descriptor_name":"PubMed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","pdf_url":"https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109512841","display_name":"Trials","issn_l":"1745-6215","issn":["1745-6215"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11783733","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11783733","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11783733/pdf/13063_2025_Article_8741.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trials","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39891272","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39891272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trials","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9a1da111b828459d8375039fb43c3e5a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a1da111b828459d8375039fb43c3e5a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Trials, Vol 26, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","pdf_url":"https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13063-025-08741-w","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109512841","display_name":"Trials","issn_l":"1745-6215","issn":["1745-6215"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4970857543","display_name":"Automated Indexing for Publication Types and Study Designs","funder_award_id":"1r01lm014292-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5795186062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 LM014292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407045895.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407045895.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W238950","https://openalex.org/W1970223153","https://openalex.org/W2070430141","https://openalex.org/W2128972928","https://openalex.org/W2144504916","https://openalex.org/W2163042043","https://openalex.org/W2166023752","https://openalex.org/W2613482391","https://openalex.org/W2728356165","https://openalex.org/W2778841805","https://openalex.org/W2801366615","https://openalex.org/W2982742360","https://openalex.org/W4205931375","https://openalex.org/W4206406927","https://openalex.org/W4399317466","https://openalex.org/W4408216391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6889189110","https://openalex.org/W7155631469","https://openalex.org/W4205109317","https://openalex.org/W4206406927","https://openalex.org/W2778841805","https://openalex.org/W3094894677","https://openalex.org/W2728356165","https://openalex.org/W7203844974","https://openalex.org/W7099105288","https://openalex.org/W2982742360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Linking":[1],"registered":[2,147],"clinical":[3,71,118,123,143,249],"trials":[4,192,250],"with":[5],"their":[6,90,194,223,252],"published":[7],"results":[8],"continues":[9],"to":[10,28,42,155,159,193,222,251,259,267],"be":[11,153],"a":[12,122,206],"challenge.":[13],"A":[14],"variety":[15],"of":[16,45,51,67,79,85,112,117,209,234,241],"natural":[17],"language":[18],"processing":[19],"(NLP)-based":[20],"and":[21,69,88,94,149,176,216,232],"machine":[22],"learning-based":[23],"models":[24],"have":[25,185,205],"been":[26],"developed":[27],"assist":[29,260],"users":[30],"in":[31,101,108,132,136,166,181,213,263],"identifying":[32],"these":[33],"connections.":[34],"To":[35],"date,":[36],"however,":[37],"no":[38],"system":[39],"has":[40],"attempted":[41],"detect":[43],"mentions":[44,66],"registry":[46,73,81,163,211,236],"numbers":[47,82,99,129,164,179,212,237],"within":[48,83,238],"the":[49,56,77,86,105,109,133,239],"full-text":[50,59,113,183,240],"articles.":[52,120,268],"METHODS:":[53],"Articles":[54],"from":[55,145,171],"PubMed":[57],"Central":[58],"Open":[60],"Access":[61],"dataset":[62],"were":[63],"scanned":[64],"for":[65,190,247],"ClinicalTrials.gov":[68,127],"international":[70],"trial":[72,80,119,124,158,197,235],"identifiers.":[74],"We":[75],"analyzed":[76],"distribution":[78],"sections":[84,184],"articles":[87,198,227,243],"characterized":[89],"publication":[91,265],"type":[92],"indexing":[93],"other":[95,182],"metrics.":[96],"RESULTS:":[97],"Registry":[98,178],"mentioned":[100,126,165,180],"article":[102,125,214],"metadata":[103],"(e.g.,":[104],"abstract)":[106],"or":[107,202],"Methods":[110,134],"section":[111],"are":[114,218],"highly":[115],"predictive":[116,188],"When":[121],"identifier":[128],"(NCT)":[130],"only":[131],"section,":[135],"every":[137],"case":[138],"examined,":[139],"it":[140],"was":[141],"reporting":[142],"outcomes":[144],"that":[146,157,160,199],"trial,":[148],"thus":[150],"can":[151],"reliably":[152],"used":[154],"link":[156],"publication.":[161],"Conversely,":[162],"Tables":[167],"arise":[168],"almost":[169],"entirely":[170],"reviews":[172,175],"(including":[173],"systematic":[174],"meta-analyses).":[177],"relatively":[186],"little":[187],"value":[189],"linking":[191],"publications.":[195,253],"Clinical":[196],"mention":[200],"CONSORT":[201],"SPIRIT":[203],"guidelines":[204],"higher":[207],"rate":[208],"mentioning":[210],"metadata,":[215],"hence":[217],"more":[219],"easily":[220],"linked":[221],"underlying":[224],"trials,":[225],"than":[226],"overall.":[228],"CONCLUSIONS:":[229],"The":[230],"appearance":[231],"location":[233],"biomedical":[242],"provide":[244,257],"valuable":[245],"features":[246],"connecting":[248],"They":[254],"also":[255],"potentially":[256],"information":[258],"automated":[261],"tools":[262],"assigning":[264],"types":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-02-01T00:00:00"}
