{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406891972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86814-1","title":"An optimal workflow scheduling in IoT-fog-cloud system for minimizing time and energy","display_name":"An optimal workflow scheduling in IoT-fog-cloud system for minimizing time and energy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406891972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86814-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39875513","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11775208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86814-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86814-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86814-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-86814-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-86814-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092089277","display_name":"Roqia Rateb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8731-1373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8731-1373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104941359","display_name":"Al-Ahliyya Amman University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xddhq60","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roqia Rateb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Information Technology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Information Technology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072316040","display_name":"Ahmed Adnan Hadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-8757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-8757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573189","display_name":"Al-Mustaqbal University","ror":"https://ror.org/023a3xe97","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573189"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Adnan Hadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Sciences Department, College of Sciences, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001, Babil, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Sciences Department, College of Sciences, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001, Babil, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107404416","display_name":"Venkata Mohit Tamanampudi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305429384","display_name":"JPMorgan Chase & Co (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3kkr08","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305429384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkata Mohit Tamanampudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["JPMorgan Chase, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JPMorgan Chase, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305429384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023403556","display_name":"Laith Abualigah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2203-4549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2203-4549","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1597-9023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31079310","display_name":"Al al-Bayt University","ror":"https://ror.org/028jh2126","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31079310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN","JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laith Abualigah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India. aligah.2020@gmail.com","Computer Science Department, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan. aligah.2020@gmail.com","Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India","Computer Science Department, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India. aligah.2020@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan. aligah.2020@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31079310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31079310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060873940","display_name":"Absalom El-Shamir Ezugwu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3721-3400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3721-3400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Absalom E. Ezugwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit for Data Science and Computing, North-West University, 11 Hofman Street, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. Absalom.ezugwu@nwu.ac.za","Unit for Data Science and Computing, North-West University, 11 Hofman Street, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit for Data Science and Computing, North-West University, 11 Hofman Street, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. Absalom.ezugwu@nwu.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit for Data Science and Computing, North-West University, 11 Hofman Street, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053776267","display_name":"Ahmed Ibrahim Alzahrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5903-7383","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5903-7383"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Ibrahim Alzahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, 11437, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, 11437, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034388930","display_name":"Fahad Alblehai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-8667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-8667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Alblehai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, 11437, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, 11437, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006242246","display_name":"Heming Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4339-8464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4339-8464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149962","display_name":"Sanming University","ror":"https://ror.org/044pany34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149962"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heming Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149962"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023403556","https://openalex.org/A5060873940"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905","https://openalex.org/I31079310","https://openalex.org/I74319210"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":29.9998,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99734317,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"3607","last_page":"3607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.6820999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.6820999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.2777999937534332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14098","display_name":"Energy Efficiency in Computing","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow-scheduling","display_name":"workflow scheduling","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"fog computing","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"cloud computing","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine-selection","display_name":"virtual machine selection","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-metaheuristic-algorithm","display_name":"hybrid metaheuristic","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deadline-constraints","display_name":"deadline constraints","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-constraints","display_name":"reliability constraints","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-voltage-and-frequency-scaling","display_name":"dynamic voltage and frequency scaling","score":0.8289999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7752615213394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7607235908508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7250834703445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6001274585723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4876922369003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41311919689178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3719465434551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.18818625807762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.15977904200553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15238136053085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.12353858351707458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07174542546272278}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86814-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86814-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86814-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-86814-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11775208","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11775208","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11775208/pdf/41598_2025_Article_86814.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39875513","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39875513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fa6084724af14476bc5d55cb9012949c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fa6084724af14476bc5d55cb9012949c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-31 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86814-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86814-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86814-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-86814-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406891972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406891972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986800449","https://openalex.org/W2014561814","https://openalex.org/W2039759229","https://openalex.org/W2102444983","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2119457900","https://openalex.org/W2124165797","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2154126105","https://openalex.org/W2211214247","https://openalex.org/W2345033426","https://openalex.org/W2516921826","https://openalex.org/W2522375107","https://openalex.org/W2569538334","https://openalex.org/W2604126453","https://openalex.org/W2738900493","https://openalex.org/W2790265691","https://openalex.org/W2810048489","https://openalex.org/W2902449372","https://openalex.org/W2904027376","https://openalex.org/W2919979744","https://openalex.org/W2936117260","https://openalex.org/W2949513363","https://openalex.org/W2969575373","https://openalex.org/W2992296379","https://openalex.org/W3013063755","https://openalex.org/W3018892364","https://openalex.org/W3019178292","https://openalex.org/W3027999386","https://openalex.org/W3030601576","https://openalex.org/W3111397073","https://openalex.org/W3132747404","https://openalex.org/W3139484821","https://openalex.org/W3152686810","https://openalex.org/W3155342547","https://openalex.org/W3159716243","https://openalex.org/W3164050711","https://openalex.org/W3164294748","https://openalex.org/W3166245994","https://openalex.org/W3181746925","https://openalex.org/W3193220998","https://openalex.org/W4205900284","https://openalex.org/W4285267073","https://openalex.org/W4288038327","https://openalex.org/W4309860043","https://openalex.org/W4320709833","https://openalex.org/W4379794593","https://openalex.org/W4386108500","https://openalex.org/W4387059617","https://openalex.org/W4387425372","https://openalex.org/W4387743604","https://openalex.org/W4387846861","https://openalex.org/W4387875671","https://openalex.org/W4388336604","https://openalex.org/W4389289196","https://openalex.org/W4391037302","https://openalex.org/W4391064369","https://openalex.org/W4393072087","https://openalex.org/W4393241439","https://openalex.org/W4394595395","https://openalex.org/W4396620260","https://openalex.org/W4398793510","https://openalex.org/W4399618777","https://openalex.org/W4399800987","https://openalex.org/W4400020450","https://openalex.org/W4400226769","https://openalex.org/W4402263028","https://openalex.org/W4402877659","https://openalex.org/W4404799493"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390887349","https://openalex.org/W4312265916","https://openalex.org/W4386193390","https://openalex.org/W4310814458","https://openalex.org/W4393171932","https://openalex.org/W4404012132","https://openalex.org/W4280616845","https://openalex.org/W3138456380","https://openalex.org/W7124143362","https://openalex.org/W4321600128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today,":[0],"with":[1],"the":[2,6,12,24,54,62,67,70,75,85,99,112,118,136,141,147,150,174,178,189,192],"increasing":[3],"use":[4],"of":[5,8,58,69,79,87,101,120,126,131,149,191],"Internet":[7],"Things":[9],"(IoT)":[10],"in":[11,33,61,93,123],"world,":[13],"various":[14],"workflows":[15,80],"that":[16],"need":[17],"to":[18,95,110,196],"be":[19],"stored":[20],"and":[21,39,73,90,103,160,166,180],"processed":[22],"on":[23,152,173],"computing":[25,36,71],"platforms.":[26],"But":[27],"this":[28,51],"issue,":[29],"causes":[30],"an":[31],"increase":[32],"costs":[34],"for":[35,117],"resources":[37],"providers,":[38],"as":[40,81],"a":[41,129],"result,":[42],"system":[43,72],"Energy":[44],"Consumption":[45],"(EC)":[46],"is":[47,108,155,183],"also":[48],"reduced.":[49],"Therefore,":[50,92],"paper":[52],"examines":[53],"workflow":[55,151],"scheduling":[56],"problem":[57],"IoT":[59],"devices":[60],"fog-cloud":[63],"environment,":[64],"where":[65],"reducing":[66,74],"EC":[68,182],"MakeSpan":[76,143],"Time":[77,144],"(MST)":[78],"main":[82],"objectives,":[83,98],"under":[84],"constraints":[86],"priority,":[88],"deadline":[89],"reliability.":[91],"order":[94],"achieve":[96],"these":[97],"combination":[100],"Aquila":[102],"Salp":[104],"Swarm":[105],"Algorithms":[106],"(ASSA)":[107],"used":[109],"select":[111],"best":[113],"Virtual":[114],"Machines":[115],"(VMs)":[116],"execution":[119],"workflows.":[121],"So,":[122],"each":[124],"iteration":[125],"ASSA":[127],"execution,":[128],"number":[130],"VMs":[132,154],"are":[133],"selected":[134,153],"by":[135,139],"ASSA.":[137],"Then":[138],"using":[140,163],"Reducing":[142],"(RMST)":[145],"technique,":[146],"MST":[148],"reduced,":[156,184],"while":[157],"maintaining":[158],"reliability":[159],"deadline.":[161],"Then,":[162],"VM":[164],"merging":[165],"Dynamic":[167],"Voltage":[168],"Frequency":[169],"Scaling":[170],"(DVFS)":[171],"technique":[172],"output":[175],"from":[176],"RMST,":[177],"static":[179],"dynamic":[181],"respectively.":[185],"Experimental":[186],"results":[187],"show":[188],"effectiveness":[190],"proposed":[193],"method":[194],"compared":[195],"previous":[197],"methods.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-01-29T00:00:00"}
