{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406806785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z","title":"Physically cross-linked cellulose nanofiber (LCNF/CNF) hydrogels: impact of the composition on mechanical and swelling properties","display_name":"Physically cross-linked cellulose nanofiber (LCNF/CNF) hydrogels: impact of the composition on mechanical and swelling properties","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406806785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207107","display_name":"Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials","issn_l":"2522-0128","issn":["2522-0128","2522-0136"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056708702","display_name":"Farida Baraka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5047-2028","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5047-2028"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farida Baraka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007409392","display_name":"Amaia Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-4683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-4683"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amaia Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064182568","display_name":"Iv\u00e1n Velazco\u2010Cabral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-1857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-1857"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129858807","display_name":"Universidad de Guanajuato","ror":"https://ror.org/058cjye32","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Velazco-Cabral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082564332","display_name":"Iv\u00e1n Rivilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-7183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1984-7183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110594554","display_name":"Ikerbasque","ror":"https://ror.org/01cc3fy72","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110594554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092744","display_name":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","ror":"https://ror.org/00eqwze33","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092744"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143641","display_name":"ORFEO-CINQA Research Network","ror":"https://ror.org/03xw5ev35","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133","https://openalex.org/I121748325","https://openalex.org/I123044942","https://openalex.org/I130194489","https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I165339363","https://openalex.org/I169108374","https://openalex.org/I200284239","https://openalex.org/I255234318","https://openalex.org/I4210143641","https://openalex.org/I4210154396","https://openalex.org/I63634437","https://openalex.org/I79189158","https://openalex.org/I79238269"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47686490","display_name":"Donostia International Physics Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02e24yw40","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47686490"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iv\u00e1n Rivilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain","Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica I and Centro de Innovaci\u00f3n y Qu\u00edmica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Qu\u00edmica/Kimika Fakultatea, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain","Donostia International Physics Center, BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre, Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110594554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica I and Centro de Innovaci\u00f3n y Qu\u00edmica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Qu\u00edmica/Kimika Fakultatea, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374","https://openalex.org/I4210143641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Donostia International Physics Center, BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre, Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092744","https://openalex.org/I47686490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046051213","display_name":"Jalel Labidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-9492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-9492"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jalel Labidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046051213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"apc_list":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"apc_paid":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"fwci":6.1663,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98297167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10610","display_name":"Advanced Cellulose Research Studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10610","display_name":"Advanced Cellulose Research Studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12192","display_name":"Polysaccharides Composition and Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignocellulose-nanofibers","display_name":"lignocellulose nanofibers","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physically-crosslinked-hydrogels","display_name":"physically crosslinked hydrogels","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignin","display_name":"lignin","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eucalyptus-pulp","display_name":"eucalyptus pulp","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-adsorption","display_name":"water adsorption","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swelling-behavior","display_name":"swelling behavior","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-s-modulus","display_name":"Young's modulus","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honeycomb-microstructure","display_name":"honeycomb microstructure","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crosslinking-mechanism","display_name":"crosslinking mechanism","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-functional-theory","display_name":"density functional theory","score":0.7870000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779251873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80294","display_name":"Cellulose","level":2,"score":0.8167390823364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778540859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Swelling","level":2,"score":0.7817570567131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108586683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826","display_name":"Self-healing hydrogels","level":2,"score":0.7288408279418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91129048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594196","display_name":"Nanofiber","level":2,"score":0.7076140642166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49878931045532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126348684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456979","display_name":"Polymer science","level":1,"score":0.4464353322982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.43562108278274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3768777549266815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35559502243995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2891838848590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.09757590293884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207107","display_name":"Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials","issn_l":"2522-0128","issn":["2522-0128","2522-0136"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/72661","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10810/72661","pdf_url":"http://addi.ehu.eus/bitstream/10810/72661/1/s42114-025-01218-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401964","display_name":"Communities in ADDI (University of the Basque Country)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","host_organization_name":"University of the Basque Country","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hispana.mcu.es:60841669","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10810/72661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196108","display_name":"Hispana","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42114-025-01218-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207107","display_name":"Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials","issn_l":"2522-0128","issn":["2522-0128","2522-0136"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321919","display_name":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406806785.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406806785.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1019363471","https://openalex.org/W1493190260","https://openalex.org/W2023271753","https://openalex.org/W2046412723","https://openalex.org/W2048635927","https://openalex.org/W2051248472","https://openalex.org/W2070206713","https://openalex.org/W2114220158","https://openalex.org/W2128726897","https://openalex.org/W2143981217","https://openalex.org/W2166660038","https://openalex.org/W2313945903","https://openalex.org/W2594144676","https://openalex.org/W2607071863","https://openalex.org/W2752585518","https://openalex.org/W2895467139","https://openalex.org/W2984647020","https://openalex.org/W3095663680","https://openalex.org/W3129337934","https://openalex.org/W3132793601","https://openalex.org/W4205326943","https://openalex.org/W4225815831","https://openalex.org/W4281777326","https://openalex.org/W4285205456","https://openalex.org/W4293688674","https://openalex.org/W4309833885","https://openalex.org/W4310968357","https://openalex.org/W4312732926","https://openalex.org/W4313494269","https://openalex.org/W4318465154","https://openalex.org/W4353073394","https://openalex.org/W4362586045","https://openalex.org/W4366496768","https://openalex.org/W4376527525","https://openalex.org/W4379796309","https://openalex.org/W4380878681","https://openalex.org/W4382597969","https://openalex.org/W4382982991","https://openalex.org/W4385330707","https://openalex.org/W4385597132","https://openalex.org/W4385992082","https://openalex.org/W4386043896","https://openalex.org/W4386325609","https://openalex.org/W4386366818","https://openalex.org/W4386504208","https://openalex.org/W4386895001","https://openalex.org/W4387168700","https://openalex.org/W4387575124","https://openalex.org/W4387718561","https://openalex.org/W4388137355","https://openalex.org/W4388496090","https://openalex.org/W4388918097","https://openalex.org/W4389482412","https://openalex.org/W4390466062","https://openalex.org/W4391735806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407902454","https://openalex.org/W2790644144","https://openalex.org/W4290048281","https://openalex.org/W7169811997","https://openalex.org/W2909206484","https://openalex.org/W2523585183","https://openalex.org/W4403002478","https://openalex.org/W2313736376","https://openalex.org/W7112456724","https://openalex.org/W2873247552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Lignocellulose":[1],"nanofibers":[2,87,91,219],"(LCNFs)":[3],"are":[4],"highly":[5],"regarded":[6],"for":[7,169],"their":[8],"ability":[9],"to":[10,69,181,205],"significantly":[11],"enhance":[12],"the":[13,40,71,79,82,114,122,129,162,182,229,237,242],"rigidity":[14,103],"of":[15,42,48,64,73,81,124,184,215,224,233,239],"formed":[16,94],"structures.":[17],"When":[18],"integrated":[19],"into":[20],"cellulose":[21,55,86,118,211],"nanofiber":[22,76,106,163],"(CNF)":[23],"hydrogels,":[24,159,235],"they":[25],"hold":[26],"substantial":[27],"promise":[28],"in":[29,102,139,157,195],"augmenting":[30],"mechanical":[31,231],"strength,":[32],"as":[33,35],"well":[34],"improving":[36],"adsorption":[37,152,178],"capacity.":[38],"Herein,":[39],"preparation":[41],"hydrogels":[43,85,144,175,206,213],"from":[44,53,208],"an":[45,100],"aqueous":[46],"suspension":[47],"CNFs":[49],"and":[50,75,89,167,171],"LCNFs":[51],"extracted":[52],"eucalyptus":[54],"pulp":[56],"through":[57,95],"a":[58,96,200,221],"homogenization":[59],"process":[60],"is":[61],"outlined.":[62],"Suspensions":[63],"different":[65],"concentrations":[66],"were":[67,93],"prepared":[68],"assess":[70],"influence":[72,183],"lignin":[74,185,240],"content":[77,164],"on":[78,150,186,241],"properties":[80,232],"hydrogels.":[83,197],"The":[84],"(HCNF)":[88],"lignocellulose":[90,218],"(HLCNF)":[92],"freeze\u2013thaw":[97],"process,":[98],"revealing":[99],"enhancement":[101],"with":[104,142,161],"increasing":[105],"concentration.":[107],"DFT":[108],"(density":[109],"functional":[110],"theory)":[111],"calculations":[112],"illustrated":[113],"cross-linking":[115,187,202],"mechanism":[116],"between":[117],"chains":[119],"induced":[120],"by":[121],"crystallization":[123],"water":[125,151],"molecules,":[126],"thus,":[127],"corroborating":[128],"postulated":[130],"hydrogel":[131,243],"formation":[132],"mechanism.":[133],"Microstructural":[134],"analysis":[135],"revealed":[136],"honeycomb-shaped":[137],"matrices":[138],"longitudinal":[140],"sections,":[141],"HLCNF":[143,170,174],"presenting":[145],"less":[146],"smooth":[147],"walls.":[148],"Studies":[149],"capacity":[153,179],"showed":[154],"rapid":[155],"swelling":[156],"both":[158],"correlated":[160],"reaching":[165],"8750%":[166],"5500%":[168],"HCNF,":[172],"respectively.":[173],"exhibited":[176,220],"higher":[177],"due":[180],"rates.":[188],"Mechanical":[189],"compression":[190],"tests":[191],"demonstrated":[192],"exceptional":[193],"resilience":[194],"all":[196],"Despite":[198],"having":[199],"lower":[201],"density":[203],"compared":[204],"made":[207],"2":[209,216],"wt.%":[210,217],"nanofibers,":[212],"composed":[214],"Young\u2019s":[222],"modulus":[223],"2.83":[225],"kPa.":[226],"This":[227],"underscores":[228],"superior":[230],"lignin-based":[234],"highlighting":[236],"effect":[238],"matrix.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-22T18:32:59.640997","created_date":"2025-01-25T00:00:00"}