{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406804426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86626-3","title":"Facial dominance overrides gender in children\u2019s stereotypes about intelligence","display_name":"Facial dominance overrides gender in children\u2019s stereotypes about intelligence","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406804426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86626-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39856163","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11759690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86626-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86626-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86626-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-86626-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-86626-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059534774","display_name":"Ryno Kruger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-2230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-2230"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryno Kruger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023446441","display_name":"Stella F. Lourenco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3070-7122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3070-7122"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stella F. Lourenco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA. stella.lourenco@emory.edu","Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA. stella.lourenco@emory.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023446441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":1.0397,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75736144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"3065","last_page":"3065"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.7484999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.7484999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.21690000593662262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.015200000256299973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-dominance","display_name":"facial dominance","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence-judgments","display_name":"intelligence judgments","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-perception","display_name":"face perception","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-stereotypes","display_name":"gender stereotypes","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divided-attention","display_name":"divided attention","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cognitive-development","display_name":"social cognition development","score":0.3790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6272555589675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3549014925956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.342295378446579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3236737847328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.21661067008972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.06441950798034668}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007600","descriptor_name":"Judgment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013240","descriptor_name":"Stereotyping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86626-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86626-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86626-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-86626-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11759690","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11759690","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11759690/pdf/41598_2025_Article_86626.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39856163","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39856163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3df1bcbbfee74a6a83d59c0f960fd223","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3df1bcbbfee74a6a83d59c0f960fd223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86626-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86626-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86626-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-86626-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406804426.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406804426.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W883188793","https://openalex.org/W1230320025","https://openalex.org/W1544543982","https://openalex.org/W1971687303","https://openalex.org/W1984368981","https://openalex.org/W1984621384","https://openalex.org/W1988155455","https://openalex.org/W1988581436","https://openalex.org/W1991107651","https://openalex.org/W1997319562","https://openalex.org/W2017975958","https://openalex.org/W2026074413","https://openalex.org/W2032759954","https://openalex.org/W2032840179","https://openalex.org/W2047148421","https://openalex.org/W2057172699","https://openalex.org/W2058836213","https://openalex.org/W2065290533","https://openalex.org/W2066644569","https://openalex.org/W2069341371","https://openalex.org/W2073188584","https://openalex.org/W2078433162","https://openalex.org/W2088165831","https://openalex.org/W2091416687","https://openalex.org/W2091716798","https://openalex.org/W2099334376","https://openalex.org/W2101111888","https://openalex.org/W2113706113","https://openalex.org/W2114534208","https://openalex.org/W2114687821","https://openalex.org/W2116808802","https://openalex.org/W2118186561","https://openalex.org/W2125789392","https://openalex.org/W2127781649","https://openalex.org/W2130828224","https://openalex.org/W2150690631","https://openalex.org/W2151695699","https://openalex.org/W2153109382","https://openalex.org/W2156710879","https://openalex.org/W2159514197","https://openalex.org/W2165992199","https://openalex.org/W2168713508","https://openalex.org/W2177619911","https://openalex.org/W2259092398","https://openalex.org/W2272717167","https://openalex.org/W2304070491","https://openalex.org/W2404689009","https://openalex.org/W2525888138","https://openalex.org/W2580263176","https://openalex.org/W2592717455","https://openalex.org/W2626993635","https://openalex.org/W2904104216","https://openalex.org/W2904751280","https://openalex.org/W2909350126","https://openalex.org/W2914693468","https://openalex.org/W2938040282","https://openalex.org/W2961388998","https://openalex.org/W2970853263","https://openalex.org/W2997317155","https://openalex.org/W3010950569","https://openalex.org/W3040588226","https://openalex.org/W3047278215","https://openalex.org/W3159210093","https://openalex.org/W4221079244","https://openalex.org/W4239735231","https://openalex.org/W4281816930","https://openalex.org/W4304185449","https://openalex.org/W4385502301","https://openalex.org/W4388982332","https://openalex.org/W4392204078","https://openalex.org/W4400117942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311731839","https://openalex.org/W7128650604","https://openalex.org/W2801287718","https://openalex.org/W4389791864","https://openalex.org/W4404448037","https://openalex.org/W4281816930","https://openalex.org/W2091766762","https://openalex.org/W2089698729","https://openalex.org/W2593762590","https://openalex.org/W2907632389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stereotypes":[0],"are":[1,22,73],"not":[2],"only":[3],"pervasive,":[4],"they":[5],"can":[6],"also":[7],"lead":[8],"to":[9,88,93,159,198,216],"discrimination":[10],"against":[11],"negatively-stereotyped":[12],"groups.":[13],"A":[14],"gender-intelligence":[15,219],"stereotype":[16,57],"holds":[17],"that":[18,35,68,86,141,153,168],"men":[19,129],"and":[20,26,41,138,192,212],"boys":[21],"smarter":[23,75,111,131,161],"than":[24,76,112,132,162],"women":[25,133],"girls,":[27],"despite":[28],"no":[29],"such":[30,67],"evidence.":[31],"Developmental":[32],"research":[33],"suggests":[34],"even":[36,99],"children":[37,154],"endorse":[38],"this":[39],"stereotype,":[40,195],"negative":[42],"perceptions":[43],"about":[44,58],"self-worth":[45],"in":[46,64,71,79,144,170],"girls":[47],"may":[48,172],"be":[49,62,160,173],"a":[50,193,218],"consequence.":[51],"Here":[52],"we":[53,84],"tested":[54],"whether":[55,116],"the":[56,117],"intelligence":[59,95],"may,":[60],"instead,":[61],"rooted":[63],"facial":[65,91],"dominance,":[66,191],"faces":[69,77,109,119,140,158,171],"higher":[70],"dominance":[72,92,169,211],"considered":[74,155],"lower":[78],"dominance.":[80,145],"Across":[81],"two":[82,118],"studies,":[83],"found":[85],"6-":[87],"10-year-olds":[89],"used":[90,197],"make":[94],"judgments":[96,186],"(Experiment":[97,103],"1),":[98],"under":[100],"divided":[101],"attention":[102],"2).":[104],"Children":[105],"judged":[106],"more":[107],"dominant":[108,114,156,164],"as":[110,130],"less":[113,163],"faces,":[115,166],"were":[120,142,196],"male":[121,137,165],"or":[122],"female.":[123],"They":[124],"did":[125],"not,":[126],"however,":[127],"judge":[128],"when":[134,178],"selecting":[135],"between":[136,210],"female":[139,157],"matched":[143],"What":[146],"is":[147],"more,":[148],"there":[149],"was":[150],"some":[151],"evidence":[152,206],"suggesting":[167],"prioritized":[174],"over":[175],"face":[176],"gender":[177,194],"intuiting":[179],"intelligence.":[180],"These":[181],"findings":[182,203],"contrasted":[183],"with":[184],"children's":[185],"of":[187],"niceness":[188],"where":[189],"both":[190],"infer":[199],"prosociality.":[200],"Altogether,":[201],"our":[202],"provide":[204],"novel":[205],"for":[207],"an":[208],"association":[209],"intelligence,":[213],"which":[214],"appears":[215],"predate":[217],"stereotype.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-01-25T00:00:00"}
