{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406717857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890","title":"Editorial: Advances of brain metastasis in breast cancer","display_name":"Editorial: Advances of brain metastasis in breast cancer","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406717857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39916730","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11794519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146364893","display_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5161","issn":["1662-5161"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenjie Lv","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801518579","display_name":"XinHua Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04dzvks42","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801518579"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Breast Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Breast Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801518579"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044108002","display_name":"Adam Brufsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8080-7960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8080-7960","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2725-3579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128526","display_name":"UPMC Hillman Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03bw34a45","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210128526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134769","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04ehecz88","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Brufsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210128526","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006406850","display_name":"Takahiro Ochiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-9918","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-9918","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1064-6531"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158929114","display_name":"Tokyo Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k5j5c86","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158929114"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro Ochiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158929114"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801518579"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1554890","last_page":"1554890"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11600","display_name":"Brain Metastases and Treatment","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11600","display_name":"Brain Metastases and Treatment","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-brain-metastases","display_name":"breast cancer brain metastasis","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-gelatinase-associated-lipocalin","display_name":"neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-vesicles","display_name":"extracellular vesicles","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors","display_name":"immune checkpoint inhibitors","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/her2-mutation","display_name":"HER2 mutation","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brca-mutations","display_name":"BRCA mutations","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-microenvironment","display_name":"brain microenvironment","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"immunotherapy","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-target","display_name":"therapeutic target","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epithelial-mesenchymal-transition","display_name":"epithelial-mesenchymal transition","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mmp-9","display_name":"MMP-9","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy-resistance","display_name":"immunotherapy resistance","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.6015318632125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778164965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620196","display_name":"Brain metastasis","level":4,"score":0.5681247711181641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993589390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12859063","display_name":"Breast cancer metastasis","level":5,"score":0.5272097587585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779013556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181876","display_name":"Metastasis","level":3,"score":0.5105241537094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.508368194103241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.46369990706443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.41765347123146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992691968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181876","display_name":"Cancer metastasis","level":4,"score":0.3410855233669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3215067982673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3136962652206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23068881034851074}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146364893","display_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5161","issn":["1662-5161"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11794519","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11794519","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11794519/pdf/fnhum-19-1554890.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Hum Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39916730","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39916730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in human neuroscience","raw_type":"Editorial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ed1492b13164074b5de9823375b9753","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ed1492b13164074b5de9823375b9753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Vol 19 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554890/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146364893","display_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5161","issn":["1662-5161"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1944001368","display_name":"NCI NCTN-Network Lead Academic Participating Site at UPMC Hillman Cancer Center","funder_award_id":"UG1CA233184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406717857.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406717857.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3116476506","https://openalex.org/W4226002956","https://openalex.org/W4317914696","https://openalex.org/W4321076744","https://openalex.org/W4378576151","https://openalex.org/W4393854157","https://openalex.org/W4395462718","https://openalex.org/W4395695434","https://openalex.org/W4396917490","https://openalex.org/W4402514945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415535280","https://openalex.org/W4323809860","https://openalex.org/W4311362287","https://openalex.org/W7141201922","https://openalex.org/W4408906043","https://openalex.org/W4399117907","https://openalex.org/W2081245472","https://openalex.org/W7161143261","https://openalex.org/W4377013306","https://openalex.org/W2261146704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breast":[0],"cancer":[1,56,64,113,139,228,238,375,483,563,612,723,844],"is":[2,209,221],"the":[3,29,33,37,42,61,67,72,77,84,91,109,116,123,128,162,166,175,196,201,224,254,259,337,340,364,378,422,425,476,492,502,520,538,608,620,710,715,743,747,760,777,797,826,838,865],"most":[4,798],"frequently":[5],"diagnosed":[6],"malignancy":[7],"among":[8],"women":[9],"worldwide":[10],"and":[11,41,74,104,118,136,149,199,242,249,262,278,285,321,325,346,354,376,386,455,463,488,491,511,552,566,570,579,605,622,681,687,691,712,740,759,776,805,840,853,863],"a":[12,20,282,308,333,394,654,815,834],"leading":[13],"cause":[14],"of":[15,23,45,51,63,76,93,111,152,168,177,204,226,339,343,380,427,479,525,540,557,610,624,658,714,837,842,867],"cancer-related":[16,526],"deaths.":[17],"Brain":[18],"metastasis,":[19],"severe":[21],"complication":[22],"advanced":[24],"breast":[25,55,112,172,227,374,489,562,611,633,722,843],"cancer,":[26,173,634],"significantly":[27],"worsens":[28],"prognosis":[30,494],"due":[31],"to":[32,160,318,331,349,420,532,601,858],"challenges":[34,849],"posed":[35],"by":[36,244,266,314],"blood-brain":[38],"barrier":[39,261],"(BBB)":[40],"aggressive":[43,147],"nature":[44],"metastatic":[46,440,632],"cells":[47,65,114,320],"(1).":[48],"The":[49,80,615,640,660,768],"development":[50],"brain":[52,78,85,153,169,229,255,344,371,450,480,506,533,564,575,613,638,648,674,698,727,823,845],"metastases":[53,208,481,649,675,699,728],"from":[54,66,86,445,486,872],"involves":[57],"multiple":[58],"steps,":[59],"including":[60,174,635],"detachment":[62],"primary":[68,234,529],"tumor,":[69],"invasion":[70,243],"into":[71],"bloodstream,":[73],"colonization":[75],"(2).":[79],"BBB,":[81],"which":[82,142,299,368],"protects":[83],"harmful":[87],"substances,":[88],"also":[89],"limits":[90],"effectiveness":[92],"many":[94],"chemotherapeutic":[95],"agents.":[96],"Recent":[97],"studies":[98],"have":[99,408,595],"identified":[100,458,578,589],"several":[101],"molecular":[102,202,365,503],"pathways":[103],"genetic":[105],"mutations":[106],"that":[107,288,406,433,746],"facilitate":[108],"penetration":[110],"through":[115,367,598],"BBB":[117],"their":[119],"subsequent":[120],"growth":[121,132],"in":[122,165,171,184,223,276,311,336,352,373,439,482,497,505,528,561,572,607,628,672,694,719,829],"brain.":[124],"Key":[125,535],"players":[126],"include":[127,537],"HER2":[129],"(human":[130],"epidermal":[131],"factor":[133],"receptor":[134],"2)":[135],"BRCA":[137],"(breast":[138],"gene)":[140],"mutations,":[141],"are":[143,300,347,457,856],"associated":[144],"with":[145,246,399,404,543,630,637,647,653,679,696,726,792,822],"more":[146,860],"disease":[148,355,779],"higher":[150],"likelihood":[151],"metastasis":[154,170,230,345,372,451,507,565,576],"(3,4).":[155],"This":[156,581,810],"research":[157,852],"topic":[158],"aims":[159],"highlight":[161],"recent":[163],"advances":[164,351],"treatments":[167],"discovery":[176],"new":[178,817],"targets":[179,385],"or":[180,186],"agents,":[181],"novel":[182,469],"methods":[183],"pre-clinical":[185],"clinical":[187,599,854],"trials,":[188],"as":[189,191,281,383,459,468,590],"well":[190],"deeper":[192],"insights":[193],"focusing":[194],"on":[195],"known":[197],"agents":[198],"treatments.Understanding":[200],"basis":[203],"central":[205,749],"nervous":[206,750],"system":[207,751],"crucial":[210,309,857],"for":[211,294,397,402,449,645,819,869],"developing":[212,859],"effective":[213,606,861],"treatments.":[214],"Lipocalin-2":[215],"(LCN2),":[216],"an":[217],"iron":[218],"transport":[219],"protein,":[220],"implicated":[222],"progression":[225],"(BCBM)":[231],"(5).":[232],"In":[233,253],"tumors,":[235],"LCN2":[236,257,290],"promotes":[237],"cell":[239],"proliferation,":[240],"angiogenesis,":[241],"interacting":[245],"matrix":[247],"metalloproteinase-9":[248],"facilitating":[250],"epithelialmesenchymal":[251],"transition.":[252],"microenvironment,":[256],"disrupts":[258],"bloodbrain":[260],"aids":[263],"tumor":[264,435,550],"seeding":[265],"modulating":[267],"cellular":[268],"behavior.":[269],"Zhang":[270],"et":[271,361,473,707],"al.":[272,362,474,708],"reviewed":[273,363],"LCN2's":[274],"role":[275,310,335],"BCBM":[277,295],"its":[279],"potential":[280,379,443,591],"therapeutic":[283,384],"target":[284],"biomarker,":[286],"suggesting":[287],"targeting":[289],"could":[291,587],"improve":[292],"outcomes":[293],"patients.Extracellular":[296],"vesicles":[297,304],"(EVs),":[298],"small":[301],"lipid":[302],"bilayer":[303],"containing":[305],"biomolecules,":[306],"play":[307,332],"this":[312,830,873],"process":[313],"delivering":[315],"bioactive":[316],"molecules":[317,382],"recipient":[319],"regulating":[322],"signal":[323],"transduction":[324],"protein":[326],"expression.":[327],"EVs":[328,369],"were":[329,577,803],"confirmed":[330],"key":[334],"regulation":[338],"immune":[341,446,547,558,585],"microenvironment":[342],"expected":[348],"make":[350],"immunotherapy":[353],"diagnosis.":[356],"(":[357],"6)":[358],"Yusuke":[359],"Yoshioka":[360],"mechanisms":[366],"promote":[370],"discusses":[377],"EV-associated":[381],"early":[387],"diagnostic":[388],"markers.Immune":[389],"checkpoint":[390,447],"inhibitors":[391,448],"(ICIs)":[392],"represent":[393],"promising":[395,816],"option":[396],"patients":[398,629,646,695,725,736,786,821,870],"BCBM,":[400],"particularly":[401,485],"those":[403,636],"TNBC":[405,820],"otherwise":[407],"very":[409],"limited":[410],"nonchemotherapy":[411],"systemic":[412],"therapy":[413],"options":[414],"(7).":[415],"However,":[416,847],"it":[417],"remains":[418],"essential":[419],"investigate":[421],"factors":[423],"influencing":[424],"efficacy":[426,621,671,711],"ICIs":[428],"treatment.":[429],"A":[430],"study":[431,521,582,618,744,811],"found":[432,522,745],"high":[434,555],"mutation":[436],"burden":[437],"(TMB)":[438],"lesions":[441],"suggests":[442],"benefits":[444],"(8).":[452],"Additionally,":[453],"TREML2":[454],"BTLA":[456],"poor":[460,493],"prognostic":[461],"factors,":[462],"activated":[464],"microglia":[465],"may":[466],"serve":[467],"treatment":[470,609,703,818,841],"targets.":[471,515],"Mustafa":[472],"investigated":[475],"increasing":[477],"incidence":[478],"patients,":[484],"lung":[487,573],"cancers,":[490],"despite":[495],"advancements":[496],"targeted":[498],"therapies.":[499,733],"It":[500],"explored":[501],"differences":[504],"between":[508,737],"these":[509],"cancers":[510],"identify":[512],"specific":[513,584],"druggable":[514,592],"Analyzing":[516,734],"44":[517],"tissue":[518],"samples,":[519],"significant":[523,848],"upregulation":[524],"genes":[527,542],"tumors":[530],"compared":[531],"metastases.":[534,614,639],"findings":[536],"association":[539],"upregulated":[541],"metabolic":[544],"stress":[545],"pathways,":[546],"response":[548,663,771],"regulation,":[549],"growth,":[551],"proliferation.":[553],"Notably,":[554],"expression":[556],"checkpoints":[559,586],"VTCN1":[560],"VISTA,":[567],"IDO1,":[568],"NT5E,":[569],"HDAC3":[571],"adenocarcinoma":[574],"validated.":[580],"suggested":[583,812],"be":[588,602],"targets.Multiple":[593],"drugs":[594],"been":[596],"validated":[597],"trials":[600,855],"both":[603],"safe":[604],"DESTINY-Breast12":[616],"(DB12)":[617],"evaluated":[619,709],"safety":[623,713],"trastuzumab":[625,680],"deruxtecan":[626],"(T-DXd)":[627],"HER2-positive":[631,697],"median":[641,748,761],"progression-free":[642,689,752],"survival":[643,690,693,753,763],"(PFS)":[644],"was":[650,667,756,765,774,783],"17.3":[651],"months,":[652,758],"12-month":[655],"PFS":[656],"rate":[657,664,772,781],"61.6%.":[659],"intracranial":[661,686,769,778],"objective":[662,770],"(CNS":[665,754],"ORR)":[666],"71.7%,":[668],"indicating":[669],"strong":[670],"treating":[673,720],"(9).":[676],"When":[677],"combined":[678],"capecitabine,":[682],"tucatinib":[683],"has":[684],"improved":[685],"extracranial":[688],"overall":[692,762],"after":[700],"previous":[701],"trastuzumab-deruxtecan":[702],"(10).":[704],"Ping":[705],"Sun":[706],"anti-angiogenic":[716],"agent":[717],"anlotinib":[718,813],"triple-negative":[721],"(TNBC)":[724],"who":[729],"had":[730],"failed":[731],"prior":[732],"29":[735],"October":[738],"2019":[739],"April":[741],"2024,":[742],"PFS)":[755],"7.2":[757],"(OS)":[764],"10.2":[766],"months.":[767],"(iORR)":[773],"31.0%,":[775],"control":[780],"(iDCR)":[782],"86.2%.":[784],"Five":[785],"experienced":[787],"grade":[788],"3-4":[789],"adverse":[790,801],"events,":[791],"bone":[793],"marrow":[794],"suppression":[795],"being":[796],"common.":[799],"Most":[800],"events":[802],"manageable,":[804],"no":[806],"treatment-related":[807],"deaths":[808],"occurred.":[809],"offered":[814],"metastases.In":[824],"conclusion,":[825],"articles":[827],"compiled":[828],"Research":[831],"Topic":[832],"offer":[833],"thorough":[835],"examination":[836],"understanding":[839],"metastasis.":[846],"persist.":[850],"Ongoing":[851],"therapies":[862],"enhancing":[864],"quality":[866],"life":[868],"suffering":[871],"devastating":[874],"condition.":[875]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-01-23T00:00:00"}
