{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406690237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","title":"Multi-level encoding of reward, effort, and choice across the frontal cortex and basal ganglia during cost-benefit decision-making","display_name":"Multi-level encoding of reward, effort, and choice across the frontal cortex and basal ganglia during cost-benefit decision-making","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406690237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39847484","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11860760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169236886","display_name":"Cell Reports","issn_l":"2211-1247","issn":["2211-1247","2639-1856"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315673","host_organization_name":"Cell Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315673","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cell Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081556827","display_name":"Oliver H\u00e4rmson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-1539","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-1539"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108304","display_name":"Brain Network Dynamics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/01tfjyv98","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliver H\u00e4rmson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: oliver.harmson@bndu.ox.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: oliver.harmson@bndu.ox.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094112914","display_name":"Isaac Grennan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108304","display_name":"Brain Network Dynamics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/01tfjyv98","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Grennan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008606190","display_name":"Brook A. L. Perry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-1458","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-1458"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108304","display_name":"Brain Network Dynamics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/01tfjyv98","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brook Perry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083896443","display_name":"Robert A. Toth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-3337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-3337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108304","display_name":"Brain Network Dynamics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/01tfjyv98","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Toth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008635257","display_name":"Colin G. McNamara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-9266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-9266"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108304","display_name":"Brain Network Dynamics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/01tfjyv98","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin G. McNamara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031652451","display_name":"Timothy Denison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5404-4004","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5404-4004"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108304","display_name":"Brain Network Dynamics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/01tfjyv98","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90344618","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Denison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005404659","display_name":"Hayriye Cagnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-115X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-115X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108304","display_name":"Brain Network Dynamics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/01tfjyv98","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayriye Cagnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018999476","display_name":"Sanjay Manohar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-4349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-4349"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay G. Manohar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030994595","display_name":"Mark E. Walton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-2894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-2894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101881","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/0172mzb45","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark E. Walton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033291138","display_name":"Andrew Sharott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-3349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-3349"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108304","display_name":"Brain Network Dynamics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/01tfjyv98","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Sharott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: andrew.sharott@bndu.ox.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-3349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: andrew.sharott@bndu.ox.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033291138","https://openalex.org/A5081556827"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210108304"],"apc_list":{"value":5620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5620},"apc_paid":{"value":5620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5620},"fwci":1.933,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83427013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"2","first_page":"115209","last_page":"115209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.04050000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.04019999876618385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-benefit-decision-making","display_name":"cost-benefit decision making","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effort-cost","display_name":"effort cost","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward","display_name":"reward","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choice","display_name":"choice","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontal-cortex","display_name":"frontal cortex","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-ganglia","display_name":"basal ganglia","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medial-frontal-cortex","display_name":"medial frontal cortex","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbitofrontal-cortex","display_name":"orbitofrontal cortex","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-ensembles","display_name":"neuronal ensembles","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-unit-recording","display_name":"single-unit recording","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rats","display_name":"rats","score":0.8429999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778187257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464210","display_name":"Basal ganglia","level":3,"score":0.7774242162704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983163835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749520","display_name":"Frontal cortex","level":2,"score":0.5965566039085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4924941956996918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.48100051283836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148132819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280374","display_name":"Direct pathway of movement","level":4,"score":0.41536104679107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777127467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749520","display_name":"Frontal lobe","level":2,"score":0.414679616689682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39034149050712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.09876886010169983}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001479","descriptor_name":"Basal Ganglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002755","descriptor_name":"Choice Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005625","descriptor_name":"Frontal Lobe","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020318","descriptor_name":"Rats, Long-Evans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169236886","display_name":"Cell Reports","issn_l":"2211-1247","issn":["2211-1247","2639-1856"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315673","host_organization_name":"Cell Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315673","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cell Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.563750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.31.563750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.31.563750","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/11/22/2023.10.31.563750.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11860760","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11860760","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11860760/pdf/main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39847484","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39847484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:5bc54cc0-94ad-4131-be9f-da805bd2f454","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5bc54cc0-94ad-4131-be9f-da805bd2f454/files/rc247dt55p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7bac669af03947a4ba620e9e12948649","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7bac669af03947a4ba620e9e12948649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cell Reports, Vol 44, Iss 2, Pp 115209- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169236886","display_name":"Cell Reports","issn_l":"2211-1247","issn":["2211-1247","2639-1856"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315673","host_organization_name":"Cell Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315673","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cell Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cell Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1107358958","display_name":"Closing the loop on neuronal oscillations: Motor networks take centre stage","funder_award_id":"209120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1722282984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFF1819_CB2_MSD_1196514","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336183","funder_display_name":"Clarendon Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2872287464","display_name":"Circuit-driven neuromodulation in the cognitive domain","funder_award_id":"MC_UU_00003/6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3065692067","display_name":"Dopamine regulation of action initiation and self-control","funder_award_id":"202831/Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G339059223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z/17/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4090192301","display_name":"Organising knowledge for flexible behaviour in the prefrontal-hippocampal circuitry","funder_award_id":"214314/Z/18/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5217350824","display_name":"MRC TS Award: Dynamic Neuromodulation","funder_award_id":"MR/X023141/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6645105355","display_name":"MRC Transition Support Award CSF Sanjay Manohar","funder_award_id":"MR/V036858/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6832294000","display_name":"Closing the loop on neuronal oscillations: Motor networks take centre stage","funder_award_id":"209120/Z/17/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7091794549","display_name":"Mechanisms of motivation and their disturbance in neurological disease","funder_award_id":"MR/P00878X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7421454278","display_name":"Organising knowledge for flexible behaviour in the prefrontal-hippocampal circuitry","funder_award_id":"214314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7433250656","display_name":"Dopamine regulation of action initiation and self-control","funder_award_id":"202831","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8991566087","display_name":"Mechanisms of Motivation: The Role of Cortical-Basal Ganglia-Dopamine Circuits in Reward Pursuit and Apathy","funder_award_id":"MR/X022080/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315071","display_name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336183","display_name":"Clarendon Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406690237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406690237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W249845531","https://openalex.org/W1565772169","https://openalex.org/W1614017769","https://openalex.org/W1968159705","https://openalex.org/W1985146875","https://openalex.org/W1993621549","https://openalex.org/W1995007954","https://openalex.org/W1995214286","https://openalex.org/W1996874802","https://openalex.org/W1997659839","https://openalex.org/W2008709921","https://openalex.org/W2009309616","https://openalex.org/W2010057415","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2019293912","https://openalex.org/W2030892204","https://openalex.org/W2031323190","https://openalex.org/W2043727262","https://openalex.org/W2048142524","https://openalex.org/W2048660601","https://openalex.org/W2049873346","https://openalex.org/W2059148040","https://openalex.org/W2071290167","https://openalex.org/W2075186699","https://openalex.org/W2081413820","https://openalex.org/W2082751386","https://openalex.org/W2085064882","https://openalex.org/W2094903960","https://openalex.org/W2096158000","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2102726432","https://openalex.org/W2112191288","https://openalex.org/W2112350022","https://openalex.org/W2112601177","https://openalex.org/W2117464894","https://openalex.org/W2136906168","https://openalex.org/W2141845152","https://openalex.org/W2145413156","https://openalex.org/W2149354807","https://openalex.org/W2163815564","https://openalex.org/W2165310823","https://openalex.org/W2186584449","https://openalex.org/W2283257048","https://openalex.org/W2326440224","https://openalex.org/W2342249984","https://openalex.org/W2467288641","https://openalex.org/W2477837032","https://openalex.org/W2555205531","https://openalex.org/W2558788280","https://openalex.org/W2588849466","https://openalex.org/W2611542631","https://openalex.org/W2726746745","https://openalex.org/W2737989178","https://openalex.org/W2768286201","https://openalex.org/W2769518948","https://openalex.org/W2886605172","https://openalex.org/W2887114371","https://openalex.org/W2898002359","https://openalex.org/W2902911167","https://openalex.org/W2910839884","https://openalex.org/W2912915410","https://openalex.org/W2937274403","https://openalex.org/W2949515299","https://openalex.org/W2989785130","https://openalex.org/W2994602346","https://openalex.org/W3008003211","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3125348427","https://openalex.org/W3133863581","https://openalex.org/W3154645879","https://openalex.org/W3156433428","https://openalex.org/W3186950019","https://openalex.org/W3209261221","https://openalex.org/W3209976241","https://openalex.org/W4210650073","https://openalex.org/W4220847237","https://openalex.org/W4303022724","https://openalex.org/W4304080164","https://openalex.org/W4317242207","https://openalex.org/W4365451384","https://openalex.org/W4385741981","https://openalex.org/W4394577481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388215210","https://openalex.org/W7116793835","https://openalex.org/W2048142524","https://openalex.org/W1977835340","https://openalex.org/W3194891020","https://openalex.org/W2010057415","https://openalex.org/W7147624840","https://openalex.org/W2992685560","https://openalex.org/W2034861745","https://openalex.org/W2754919272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adaptive":[0],"value-guided":[1],"decision-making":[2],"requires":[3],"weighing":[4],"up":[5],"the":[6,105,110],"costs":[7],"and":[8,34,54,81],"benefits":[9],"of":[10,76,93,143],"pursuing":[11],"an":[12],"available":[13,67],"opportunity.":[14],"Though":[15],"neurons":[16,73,94,131],"across":[17,50],"frontal":[18,53],"cortical-basal":[19],"ganglia":[20,56],"circuits":[21],"have":[22],"been":[23],"repeatedly":[24,96],"shown":[25],"to":[26,62],"represent":[27,139],"decision-related":[28],"parameters,":[29],"it":[30],"is":[31,38],"unclear":[32],"whether":[33,61],"how":[35],"this":[36,42],"information":[37],"coordinated.":[39],"To":[40],"address":[41],"question,":[43],"we":[44],"performed":[45],"large-scale":[46],"single-unit":[47],"recordings":[48],"simultaneously":[49],"5":[51],"medial/orbital":[52],"basal":[55],"regions":[57],"as":[58],"rats":[59],"decided":[60],"pursue":[63],"varying":[64],"reward":[65],"payoffs":[66],"at":[68],"different":[69],"effort":[70],"costs.":[71],"Single":[72],"encoding":[74,124],"combinations":[75],"decision":[77,107],"variables":[78,108,141],"(reward,":[79],"effort,":[80],"choice)":[82],"were":[83],"represented":[84,104],"within":[85,98],"all":[86],"recorded":[87],"regions.":[88],"Coactive":[89],"cell":[90],"assemblies,":[91],"ensembles":[92],"that":[95,137],"coactivated":[97],"short":[99],"time":[100],"windows":[101],"(<25":[102],"ms),":[103],"same":[106],"despite":[109],"members":[111],"often":[112],"having":[113],"diverse":[114],"individual":[115,130],"coding":[116],"properties.":[117],"Together,":[118],"these":[119],"findings":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"a":[122],"multi-level":[123],"structure":[125],"for":[126],"cost-benefit":[127],"computations":[128],"where":[129],"are":[132],"coordinated":[133],"into":[134],"larger":[135],"assemblies":[136],"can":[138],"task":[140],"independently":[142],"their":[144],"constituent":[145],"components.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-01-22T00:00:00"}
