{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406571986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121","title":"Generative artificial intelligence in higher education: Evidence from an analysis of institutional policies and guidelines","display_name":"Generative artificial intelligence in higher education: Evidence from an analysis of institutional policies and guidelines","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406571986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287529","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans","issn_l":"2949-8821","issn":["2949-8821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030100981","display_name":"Nora McDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-5573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-5573"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nora McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-5573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056968920","display_name":"Aditya Johri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-7574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-7574"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Johri","raw_affiliation_strings":["4400 University Drive, MS 1G8, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4400 University Drive, MS 1G8, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101301835","display_name":"Areej Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7867-8715","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7867-8715"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Areej Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084302859","display_name":"Aayushi Hingle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-4722","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-4722"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136533007","display_name":"Montgomery College","ror":"https://ror.org/00b7x1x53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136533007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aayushi Hingle Collier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Montgomery College, 7600 Takoma Avenue, Takoma Park, MD, 20912, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-4722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Montgomery College, 7600 Takoma Avenue, Takoma Park, MD, 20912, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136533007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030100981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":{"value":1540,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1540},"apc_paid":{"value":1540,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1540},"fwci":527.4929,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":695,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99998972,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"100121","last_page":"100121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-ai","display_name":"generative AI","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"higher education","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-policy","display_name":"institutional policy","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-guidelines","display_name":"AI guidelines","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-in-teaching-and-learning","display_name":"AI in teaching and learning","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r1-universities","display_name":"R1 universities","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-curriculum","display_name":"AI curriculum","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-instruction","display_name":"writing instruction","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-ethics","display_name":"AI ethics","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-equity-and-inclusion","display_name":"diversity, equity, and inclusion","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faculty-guidance","display_name":"faculty guidance","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-practice","display_name":"teaching practice","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6507480144500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4360004663467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39047086238861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3823646306991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.34364670515060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3424832820892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33143433928489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3210202157497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20002242922782898}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287529","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans","issn_l":"2949-8821","issn":["2949-8821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2402.01659","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.01659","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.01659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9e30969f62a24968bc3ac3fe37e22c93","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9e30969f62a24968bc3ac3fe37e22c93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, Vol 3, Iss , Pp 100121- (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2402.01659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2402.01659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2402.01659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287529","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans","issn_l":"2949-8821","issn":["2949-8821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5746257800","display_name":"EAGER: Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) on Engineering Education Practices","funder_award_id":"2319137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406571986.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406571986.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770717476","https://openalex.org/W2947806664","https://openalex.org/W2980121951","https://openalex.org/W3036044567","https://openalex.org/W3207585842","https://openalex.org/W3210711414","https://openalex.org/W4200213295","https://openalex.org/W4206380948","https://openalex.org/W4212796662","https://openalex.org/W4249082761","https://openalex.org/W4285810273","https://openalex.org/W4312824346","https://openalex.org/W4321351832","https://openalex.org/W4324046518","https://openalex.org/W4324070671","https://openalex.org/W4327518740","https://openalex.org/W4362722657","https://openalex.org/W4372060667","https://openalex.org/W4378448767","https://openalex.org/W4379651111","https://openalex.org/W4382938228","https://openalex.org/W4383312437","https://openalex.org/W4386251129","https://openalex.org/W4386544117","https://openalex.org/W4386608988","https://openalex.org/W4386936728","https://openalex.org/W4387106968","https://openalex.org/W4387414057","https://openalex.org/W4387500714","https://openalex.org/W4387669006","https://openalex.org/W4387873511","https://openalex.org/W4388408285","https://openalex.org/W4388461299","https://openalex.org/W4389437528","https://openalex.org/W4396832366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403935384","https://openalex.org/W7168336574","https://openalex.org/W7164998233","https://openalex.org/W7221650009","https://openalex.org/W4412499427","https://openalex.org/W6929843909","https://openalex.org/W4407771390","https://openalex.org/W7204275844","https://openalex.org/W4408195119","https://openalex.org/W7162797000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"release":[1],"of":[2,11,63,83,102,111,165,197,203,209],"ChatGPT":[3],"in":[4,121,159],"November":[5],"2022":[6],"prompted":[7],"a":[8,80,100,206],"massive":[9],"uptake":[10],"generative":[12],"artificial":[13],"intelligence":[14],"(GenAI)":[15],"across":[16],"higher":[17],"education":[18],"institutions":[19,78,131,198],"(HEIs).":[20],"In":[21],"response,":[22],"HEIs":[23,48],"focused":[24,167,171],"on":[25,168,172,205,222],"regulating":[26],"its":[27,37,119],"use,":[28],"particularly":[29],"among":[30],"students,":[31],"before":[32],"shifting":[33],"towards":[34],"advocating":[35],"for":[36,118,229],"productive":[38],"integration":[39],"within":[40],"teaching":[41],"and":[42,53,86,139,149,156,178,183,214],"learning":[43],".":[44],"Since":[45],"then,":[46],"many":[47,114],"have":[49],"increasingly":[50],"provided":[51,132,145],"policies":[52,235],"guidelines":[54],"to":[55,176,241],"direct":[56],"GenAI.":[57,93],"This":[58],"paper":[59],"presents":[60],"an":[61,95],"analysis":[62],"documents":[64],"produced":[65],"by":[66,89],"116":[67],"US":[68],"universities":[69,103],"classified":[70],"as":[71,72,234],"high":[73],"research":[74],"activity":[75],"or":[76,237],"R1":[77],"providing":[79],"comprehensive":[81],"examination":[82],"the":[84,109,122,130,163,201],"advice":[85],"guidance":[87,117,166,228],"offered":[88],"institutional":[90],"stakeholders":[91],"about":[92,200],"Through":[94],"extensive":[96],"analysis,":[97],"we":[98,225],"found":[99],"majority":[101,164],"(N":[104,124,135,141,189,217],"=":[105,125,136,142,190,218],"73,":[106],"63%)":[107],"encourage":[108],"use":[110,120],"GenAI,":[112],"with":[113],"offering":[115],"detailed":[116],"classroom":[123],"48,":[126],"41%).":[127],"Over":[128],"half":[129,140,196],"sample":[133,146],"syllabi":[134],"65,":[137],"56%)":[138],"58,":[143,191],"50%)":[144],"GenAI":[147,158,204],"curriculum":[148],"activities":[150,170,180],"that":[151,227],"would":[152],"help":[153],"instructors":[154],"integrate":[155],"leverage":[157],"their":[160],"teaching.":[161],"Notably,":[162],"writing":[169],"writing,":[173],"whereas":[174],"references":[175],"code":[177],"STEM-related":[179],"were":[181],"infrequent,":[182],"often":[184],"vague,":[185],"even":[186],"when":[187],"mentioned":[188],"50%).":[192],"Finally,":[193],"more":[194],"than":[195],"talked":[199],"ethics":[202],"broad":[207],"range":[208],"topics,":[210],"including":[211],"Diversity,":[212],"Equity":[213],"Inclusion":[215],"(DEI)":[216],"60,":[219],"52%).":[220],"Based":[221],"our":[223],"findings":[224],"caution":[226],"faculty":[230],"can":[231],"become":[232],"burdensome":[233],"suggest":[236],"imply":[238],"substantial":[239],"revisions":[240],"existing":[242],"pedagogical":[243],"practices.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":440},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":212},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-01-19T00:00:00"}