{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406563847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075","title":"Residual chlorine modelling in drinking water distribution system of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia","display_name":"Residual chlorine modelling in drinking water distribution system of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406563847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226253","display_name":"Results in Engineering","issn_l":"2590-1230","issn":["2590-1230"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020028727","display_name":"Kenatu Angassa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1449-2451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1449-2451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129636","display_name":"Addis Ababa Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02psd9228","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenatu Angassa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biotechnology and bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","Department of Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","Sustainable Energy Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1449-2451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biotechnology and bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Energy Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115930574","display_name":"Mulatu Feyisa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129636","display_name":"Addis Ababa Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02psd9228","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mulatu Feyisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032367436","display_name":"Israel Tessema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-4360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-4360"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129636","display_name":"Addis Ababa Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02psd9228","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israel Tessema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018170769","display_name":"Mikiyas Abewaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5356-370X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5356-370X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446371","display_name":"Wachemo University","ror":"https://ror.org/0058xky36","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446371"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikiyas Abewaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020028727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129636"],"apc_list":{"value":1940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1940},"apc_paid":{"value":1940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1940},"fwci":4.0438,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93990919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"104075","last_page":"104075"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10969","display_name":"Water resources management and optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-chlorine","display_name":"residual chlorine","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-distribution-systems","display_name":"drinking water distribution systems","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-age","display_name":"water age","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine-decay","display_name":"chlorine decay","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfection-by-products","display_name":"disinfection by-products","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-water-supply","display_name":"urban water supply","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bishoftu","display_name":"Bishoftu","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-design","display_name":"pipeline design","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6454547643661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505241676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688","display_name":"Chlorine","level":2,"score":0.6404606103897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5428630113601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40969306230545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.35697054862976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33748024702072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.33276212215423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15258902311325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11207988858222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226253","display_name":"Results in Engineering","issn_l":"2590-1230","issn":["2590-1230"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226253","display_name":"Results in Engineering","issn_l":"2590-1230","issn":["2590-1230"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1426123669","https://openalex.org/W1499850386","https://openalex.org/W1523750583","https://openalex.org/W1969224748","https://openalex.org/W1996765218","https://openalex.org/W2036798261","https://openalex.org/W2058998445","https://openalex.org/W2084030851","https://openalex.org/W2140325612","https://openalex.org/W2179793836","https://openalex.org/W2504135939","https://openalex.org/W2594377418","https://openalex.org/W2595891455","https://openalex.org/W2621344856","https://openalex.org/W2627059011","https://openalex.org/W2739325942","https://openalex.org/W2749232365","https://openalex.org/W2761354448","https://openalex.org/W2789607205","https://openalex.org/W2792322431","https://openalex.org/W2801689563","https://openalex.org/W2802887558","https://openalex.org/W2887349867","https://openalex.org/W2906282909","https://openalex.org/W2922018834","https://openalex.org/W2944274282","https://openalex.org/W2944910478","https://openalex.org/W2951067713","https://openalex.org/W3011437392","https://openalex.org/W3015096309","https://openalex.org/W3047765666","https://openalex.org/W3094908833","https://openalex.org/W3185881790","https://openalex.org/W4200317104","https://openalex.org/W4206916889","https://openalex.org/W4286433048","https://openalex.org/W4315782608","https://openalex.org/W4385156427","https://openalex.org/W4386242819","https://openalex.org/W4391430709","https://openalex.org/W4396789275","https://openalex.org/W4402643310","https://openalex.org/W4404734220","https://openalex.org/W6739515826","https://openalex.org/W7016019580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6963694992","https://openalex.org/W7170158755","https://openalex.org/W4283769478","https://openalex.org/W3049690785","https://openalex.org/W3131763067","https://openalex.org/W1510561948","https://openalex.org/W4399135004","https://openalex.org/W7104176935","https://openalex.org/W160565239","https://openalex.org/W4412354771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,76,125],"deterioration":[1],"of":[2,22,73,103,167,196],"treated":[3],"water":[4,17,39,45,133,157,185,214,227],"quality":[5,228],"in":[6,41,114,121,159,170,234],"distribution":[7,186],"systems":[8],"is":[9],"influenced":[10],"by":[11],"factors":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"disinfectant":[15],"levels,":[16],"age,":[18,134],"and":[19,33,38,118,132,142,189,207,216,229],"the":[20,42,81,96,100,115,122,153,160,163,194,209],"presence":[21],"microbial":[23],"contaminants.":[24],"This":[25,178],"study":[26,179],"presents":[27],"a":[28,70],"novel":[29],"approach":[30],"to":[31,92,111,174,203,212,225],"analyzing":[32],"predicting":[34],"residual":[35,83],"chlorine":[36,58,74,84,130,176,198,205,219],"concentrations":[37,85,109],"age":[40,158,215],"Bishoftu":[43],"town":[44],"supply":[46],"network,":[47],"Ethiopia,":[48],"using":[49],"WaterCAD":[50,126],"software.":[51],"While":[52],"previous":[53],"studies":[54],"have":[55],"focused":[56],"on":[57],"decay,":[59],"this":[60],"research":[61],"uniquely":[62],"combines":[63],"laboratory":[64,77],"measurements":[65,141],"with":[66,135],"simulation":[67,143],"results":[68,78,144],"for":[69,149],"comprehensive":[71],"understanding":[72],"dynamics.":[75],"indicated":[79],"that":[80,156],"mean":[82],"at":[86],"all":[87,150],"junctions":[88],"ranged":[89],"from":[90],"0.51":[91],"0.82":[93],"mg/L":[94,113,120],"during":[95],"first":[97],"week,":[98],"exceeding":[99],"WHO-suggested":[101],"maximum":[102],"0.50":[104],"mg/L.":[105],"In":[106],"subsequent":[107],"weeks,":[108],"decreased":[110],"0.10\u20130.45":[112],"second":[116],"week":[117],"0.07\u20130.38":[119],"third":[123],"week.":[124],"model":[127,154],"effectively":[128],"simulated":[129],"dynamics":[131],"no":[136],"significant":[137],"discrepancies":[138],"between":[139],"lab":[140],"(":[145],"p":[146],">":[147],"0.05":[148],"weeks).":[151],"Notably,":[152],"revealed":[155],"system":[161,187,211],"exceeded":[162],"WHO":[164],"recommended":[165],"range":[166],"48\u201372":[168],"h":[169],"several":[171],"areas,":[172],"contributing":[173],"accelerated":[175],"decay.":[177],"provides":[180],"key":[181],"insights":[182],"into":[183],"optimizing":[184,200],"design":[188],"operation.":[190],"Specifically,":[191],"it":[192],"recommends":[193],"implementation":[195],"real-time":[197],"monitoring,":[199],"injection":[201],"points":[202],"reduce":[204],"loss,":[206],"redesigning":[208],"pipeline":[210],"minimize":[213],"maintain":[217],"optimal":[218],"concentration.":[220],"These":[221],"recommendations":[222],"are":[223],"crucial":[224],"improve":[226],"ensure":[230],"public":[231],"health":[232],"protection":[233],"rapidly":[235],"growing":[236],"urban":[237],"areas":[238],"like":[239],"Bishoftu.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2025-01-18T00:00:00"}