{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406137579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3526722","title":"PAGR: Accelerating Global Routing for VLSI Design Flow","display_name":"PAGR: Accelerating Global Routing for VLSI Design Flow","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406137579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3526722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3526722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3526722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3526722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3526722","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000408509","display_name":"Roman Aleksandrovich Solovyev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-452X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-452X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman A. Solovyev","raw_affiliation_strings":["AlphaChip LLC, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-452X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AlphaChip LLC, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034139685","display_name":"Ilya A. Mkrtchan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4409-0223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4409-0223"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilya A. Mkrtchan","raw_affiliation_strings":["AlphaChip LLC, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AlphaChip LLC, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044486549","display_name":"Dmitry Vladimirovich Telpukhov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9551-0748","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9551-0748"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry V. Telpukhov","raw_affiliation_strings":["AlphaChip LLC, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AlphaChip LLC, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093875135","display_name":"Ilya Ilyich Shafeev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2323-3725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2323-3725"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204490831","display_name":"National Research University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02hf6mx60","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204490831"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilya I. Shafeev","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2323-3725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204490831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060261504","display_name":"A. Yu. Romanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9410-9431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9410-9431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118501908","display_name":"National Research University Higher School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/055f7t516","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118501908"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandr Y. Romanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["HSE University, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9410-9431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HSE University, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118501908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115798593","display_name":"Yevgeniy V. Stolbikov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yevgeniy V. Stolbikov","raw_affiliation_strings":["AlphaChip LLC, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AlphaChip LLC, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102775172","display_name":"Alexander L. Stempkovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4202-0128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4202-0128"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander L. Stempkovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["AlphaChip LLC, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AlphaChip LLC, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":1.0361,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71242699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"6440","last_page":"6450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-routing","display_name":"global routing","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vlsi-design-flow","display_name":"VLSI design flow","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-synthesis","display_name":"physical synthesis","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steiner-tree-problem","display_name":"Steiner tree problem","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"parallel computing","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wire-length","display_name":"wire length","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/via-count","display_name":"via count","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overflow","display_name":"overflow","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python-implementation","display_name":"Python implementation","score":0.6480000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7141281366348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.6949979066848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5557278990745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37135326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931942","display_name":"Design flow","level":2,"score":0.5008707046508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188817802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13426855","display_name":"Physical design","level":3,"score":0.45201927423477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4518052637577057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42697083950042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3518909215927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.21946460008621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.16489115357398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08077409863471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3526722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3526722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3526722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c48a0d825554887b3f1295ffca80736","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9c48a0d825554887b3f1295ffca80736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 6440-6450 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3526722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3526722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3526722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6773999929428101,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324261","display_name":"National Research University Higher School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/055f7t516"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975290397","https://openalex.org/W1990317614","https://openalex.org/W1993553699","https://openalex.org/W2042492403","https://openalex.org/W2123495630","https://openalex.org/W2123796580","https://openalex.org/W2124501077","https://openalex.org/W2162180547","https://openalex.org/W2295920010","https://openalex.org/W2936567838","https://openalex.org/W3005126554","https://openalex.org/W3011338798","https://openalex.org/W3015807029","https://openalex.org/W3027123178","https://openalex.org/W3098776158","https://openalex.org/W3216493905","https://openalex.org/W4200208073","https://openalex.org/W4206693354","https://openalex.org/W4243621528","https://openalex.org/W4280571788","https://openalex.org/W4353031976","https://openalex.org/W4386765309","https://openalex.org/W4391585581","https://openalex.org/W4392680872","https://openalex.org/W4409306210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312759470","https://openalex.org/W4385764289","https://openalex.org/W4409306210","https://openalex.org/W4410738240","https://openalex.org/W70867826","https://openalex.org/W3019445555","https://openalex.org/W4416963057","https://openalex.org/W2122851474","https://openalex.org/W7015034728","https://openalex.org/W2124501077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,46],"present":[4],"PAGR":[5],"(Python":[6],"Alpha":[7],"Global":[8],"Routing)":[9],"\u2013":[10],"a":[11,32,37,48],"solution":[12,30],"to":[13,114],"the":[14,25,42,51,57,91,101,118,134],"global":[15],"routing":[16,99],"problem":[17],"in":[18,105,120],"physical":[19],"synthesis":[20],"based":[21],"on":[22],"data":[23],"from":[24],"ISPD":[26],"2024":[27],"contest.":[28],"Our":[29],"constructs":[31],"weighted":[33],"graph":[34,52,83],"and":[35,81,133],"builds":[36],"Steiner":[38,43],"tree.":[39],"To":[40],"accelerate":[41],"tree":[44],"search,":[45],"propose":[47],"technique":[49],"for":[50,78],"size":[53],"minimization":[54],"by":[55],"reducing":[56],"input":[58],"3D":[59],"matrix.":[60],"This":[61],"method":[62],"slightly":[63],"decreases":[64],"result":[65],"quality":[66,103],"but":[67],"finds":[68],"solutions":[69],"2\u201310":[70],"times":[71],"faster.":[72],"We":[73],"also":[74],"detail":[75],"our":[76],"methods":[77],"parallel":[79],"calculations":[80],"computing":[82],"edge":[84],"weights.":[85],"Experimental":[86],"results":[87],"show":[88],"that":[89],"while":[90],"current":[92],"Python":[93],"implementation":[94],"does":[95],"not":[96],"achieve":[97],"high":[98],"speeds,":[100],"solution\u2019s":[102],"measured":[104],"contest":[106],"metrics":[107],"(wire":[108],"length,":[109],"via,":[110],"overflow)":[111],"is":[112,140],"comparable":[113],"top":[115],"contestants.":[116],"Implementing":[117],"algorithm":[119],"C/C++":[121],"will":[122],"significantly":[123],"improve":[124],"runtime.":[125],"The":[126],"algorithm\u2019s":[127],"description":[128],"can":[129],"benefit":[130],"future":[131],"research,":[132],"source":[135],"code":[136],"with":[137],"detailed":[138],"comments":[139],"available":[141],"online.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-01-08T00:00:00"}