{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406137439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3526138","title":"From Global to Hybrid: A Review of Supervised Deep Learning for 2-D Image Feature Representation","display_name":"From Global to Hybrid: A Review of Supervised Deep Learning for 2-D Image Feature Representation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406137439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3526138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2025.3526138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3526138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3526138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4406137439"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinyu Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0217-2353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0217-2353"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, college of computer science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0217-2353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, college of computer science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6269-0196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6269-0196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, college of computer science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6269-0196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, college of computer science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014014461","display_name":"Hongyu Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-6313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-6313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, college of computer science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, college of computer science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008748675","display_name":"Zhenguo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1375","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1375","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-0732"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenguo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086468636","display_name":"Weijian Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3710-8739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3710-8739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijian Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3710-8739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068917997","display_name":"Wu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1633-7575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1633-7575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Research of JD.com, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1633-7575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Research of JD.com, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322370","display_name":"Lei Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5397-0284","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5397-0284","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1164-7590","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7612-7900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111572804","display_name":"Xue Mei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1091-3805","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1091-3805"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, college of computer science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, college of computer science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052363813","display_name":"Youliang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-1570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-1570"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youliang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, college of computer science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-1570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, college of computer science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89321882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"1540","last_page":"1560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.050999999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-deep-learning","display_name":"supervised deep learning","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-representation","display_name":"image representation","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-representation","display_name":"global representation","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/region-representation","display_name":"region representation","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-representation","display_name":"hybrid representation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-classification","display_name":"image classification","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"object detection","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-segmentation","display_name":"semantic segmentation","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"computer vision","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7789430618286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7300505042076111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6365612149238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.6286759376525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6176651120185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5650849938392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5073577761650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126422989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","level":4,"score":0.5014567375183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199579030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2851778","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","level":4,"score":0.5001482963562012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4520431160926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.44280898571014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4314552843570709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3644861578941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.36366409063339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33489716053009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3346725106239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.16075950860977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2025.3526138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3526138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2025.3526138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7806852095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62162008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":219,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7746136","https://openalex.org/W284754667","https://openalex.org/W300523764","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1606858007","https://openalex.org/W1625255723","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1724438581","https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1899185266","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1910657905","https://openalex.org/W1913628733","https://openalex.org/W1922773808","https://openalex.org/W1939575207","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1954433395","https://openalex.org/W1955055330","https://openalex.org/W1969363575","https://openalex.org/W2012592962","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2134670479","https://openalex.org/W2136504847","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164022341","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2167215970","https://openalex.org/W2169393322","https://openalex.org/W2191616647","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2204975001","https://openalex.org/W2258484932","https://openalex.org/W2286929393","https://openalex.org/W2288122362","https://openalex.org/W2293824885","https://openalex.org/W2295582178","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2331143823","https://openalex.org/W2336803177","https://openalex.org/W2340690086","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2411707397","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2416885651","https://openalex.org/W2438305798","https://openalex.org/W2464915613","https://openalex.org/W2475223347","https://openalex.org/W2480418144","https://openalex.org/W2508837377","https://openalex.org/W2517292647","https://openalex.org/W2527800741","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2547411571","https://openalex.org/W2547875792","https://openalex.org/W2550553598","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2554078916","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2588595876","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2707890836","https://openalex.org/W2732026016","https://openalex.org/W2737258237","https://openalex.org/W2768489488","https://openalex.org/W2780534582","https://openalex.org/W2787273002","https://openalex.org/W2789667050","https://openalex.org/W2789854678","https://openalex.org/W2790933182","https://openalex.org/W2797558164","https://openalex.org/W2798653614","https://openalex.org/W2798702669","https://openalex.org/W2801765193","https://openalex.org/W2803620620","https://openalex.org/W2804078698","https://openalex.org/W2807944281","https://openalex.org/W2809273606","https://openalex.org/W2832876791","https://openalex.org/W2887540873","https://openalex.org/W2895340641","https://openalex.org/W2897712612","https://openalex.org/W2903637075","https://openalex.org/W2907364369","https://openalex.org/W2911810010","https://openalex.org/W2913340405","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2924876209","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2954428350","https://openalex.org/W2962723992","https://openalex.org/W2962851485","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963043696","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963318290","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963786238","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2964076257","https://openalex.org/W2964280870","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2976122994","https://openalex.org/W2987855387","https://openalex.org/W2988452521","https://openalex.org/W2991471181","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W2996752936","https://openalex.org/W2998228095","https://openalex.org/W3001548133","https://openalex.org/W3002377091","https://openalex.org/W3010424233","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3015606043","https://openalex.org/W3016002067","https://openalex.org/W3016719260","https://openalex.org/W3023371261","https://openalex.org/W3025665229","https://openalex.org/W3030163527","https://openalex.org/W3030520226","https://openalex.org/W3034230425","https://openalex.org/W3034445277","https://openalex.org/W3034942609","https://openalex.org/W3035223629","https://openalex.org/W3036999909","https://openalex.org/W3040248848","https://openalex.org/W3092530991","https://openalex.org/W3110536152","https://openalex.org/W3116489684","https://openalex.org/W3118341329","https://openalex.org/W3122484828","https://openalex.org/W3122818000","https://openalex.org/W3135939397","https://openalex.org/W3136021864","https://openalex.org/W3136635488","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3157914380","https://openalex.org/W3158484908","https://openalex.org/W3159460504","https://openalex.org/W3163465952","https://openalex.org/W3163842339","https://openalex.org/W3167017747","https://openalex.org/W3170544306","https://openalex.org/W3171087525","https://openalex.org/W3171125843","https://openalex.org/W3171660447","https://openalex.org/W3175328093","https://openalex.org/W3175630421","https://openalex.org/W3180134609","https://openalex.org/W3180659539","https://openalex.org/W3181367324","https://openalex.org/W3202698164","https://openalex.org/W3203701986","https://openalex.org/W3204076343","https://openalex.org/W3204538018","https://openalex.org/W3213438015","https://openalex.org/W3213467918","https://openalex.org/W3214910576","https://openalex.org/W3217536461","https://openalex.org/W4210542483","https://openalex.org/W4221146106","https://openalex.org/W4221155125","https://openalex.org/W4226069476","https://openalex.org/W4226076142","https://openalex.org/W4283802622","https://openalex.org/W4287367114","https://openalex.org/W4292794769","https://openalex.org/W4295308583","https://openalex.org/W4296636440","https://openalex.org/W4296904787","https://openalex.org/W4307823382","https://openalex.org/W4312349930","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4312505280","https://openalex.org/W4319452261","https://openalex.org/W4323922772","https://openalex.org/W4328101918","https://openalex.org/W4365440898","https://openalex.org/W4386065430","https://openalex.org/W4386065868","https://openalex.org/W4386075553","https://openalex.org/W4386076222","https://openalex.org/W4386280829","https://openalex.org/W4386362666","https://openalex.org/W4387587622","https://openalex.org/W4390215062","https://openalex.org/W4390873427","https://openalex.org/W4390873662","https://openalex.org/W4390873750","https://openalex.org/W4392553889","https://openalex.org/W4402660160","https://openalex.org/W4402775306","https://openalex.org/W4404612908","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W7133215953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6942314802","https://openalex.org/W2910964263","https://openalex.org/W1746104634","https://openalex.org/W4408126702","https://openalex.org/W4391481231","https://openalex.org/W2734648642","https://openalex.org/W2290061578","https://openalex.org/W3129279281","https://openalex.org/W1127933012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer":[0],"vision":[1,42,77,101,209],"is":[2,36,63,121],"the":[3,91,99,164,187,205],"science":[4],"that":[5,43,69],"aims":[6],"to":[7,10,48,64,203],"enable":[8],"computers":[9],"emulate":[11],"human":[12],"visual":[13],"perception,":[14],"and":[15,20,24,50,148,151,175,196],"it":[16],"encompasses":[17],"various":[18,74],"techniques":[19,47],"methods":[21,137,166],"for":[22,73,111],"extracting":[23],"interpreting":[25],"information":[26,52],"from":[27,53],"two-dimensional":[28],"images.":[29],"Supervised":[30],"deep":[31,45,83,106,132,191],"2D":[32,56,84,107,133,192],"image":[33,57,85,108,134,171,193,201,211],"feature":[34,67,86,109,135,194],"representation":[35,87,110,136,195,202],"a":[37,54,66,115,128,160],"fundamental":[38,169],"problem":[39],"in":[40,200],"computer":[41,76,208],"applies":[44],"learning":[46],"extract":[49],"process":[51],"given":[55],"under":[58],"supervised":[59,82,105,131,190],"settings.":[60],"The":[61,79],"goal":[62],"obtain":[65],"vector":[68],"can":[70],"be":[71],"utilized":[72],"downstream":[75,94],"applications.":[78,95],"quality":[80],"of":[81,93,98,130,163,189,207],"algorithms":[88],"directly":[89],"affects":[90],"performance":[92],"However,":[96],"most":[97],"existing":[100],"research":[102],"only":[103],"explores":[104],"specific":[112],"subtasks.":[113],"Therefore,":[114],"comprehensive":[116],"discussion":[117],"on":[118,139,167],"this":[119,124],"topic":[120],"needed.":[122],"In":[123],"paper,":[125],"we":[126,152,158],"propose":[127],"taxonomy":[129],"based":[138],"four":[140],"categories:":[141],"global":[142],"representation,":[143,145,147,150],"region":[144],"hash":[146],"hybrid":[149],"introduce":[153],"their":[154],"typical":[155],"approaches.":[156],"Furthermore,":[157],"perform":[159],"comparative":[161],"analysis":[162],"representative":[165],"three":[168],"tasks:":[170],"classification,":[172],"object":[173],"detection,":[174],"semantic":[176],"segmentation,":[177],"as":[178,180],"well":[179],"other":[181],"common":[182],"tasks.":[183],"We":[184],"also":[185],"discuss":[186],"limitations":[188],"investigate":[197],"future":[198],"directions":[199],"facilitate":[204],"advancement":[206],"through":[210],"representation.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2025-01-08T00:00:00"}
