{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406067484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2","title":"Determining probability density functions with adiabatic quantum computing","display_name":"Determining probability density functions with adiabatic quantum computing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406067484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217596","display_name":"Quantum Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2524-4906","issn":["2524-4906","2524-4914"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037019976","display_name":"Matteo Robbiati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8605-234X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8605-234X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH","IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Robbiati","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, 1211, Switzerland","TIF Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, 1211, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIF Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086618445","display_name":"Juan M Cruz-Martinez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-1965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-1965"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136779","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4m6z96","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan M. Cruz-Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["INFN, Sezione di Milano, I-20133, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN, Sezione di Milano, I-20133, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033769235","display_name":"Stefano Carrazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-6753","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-6753"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087059","display_name":"Technology Innovation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001kv2y39","country_code":"AE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136779","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4m6z96","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["AE","CH","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Carrazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["INFN, Sezione di Milano, I-20133, Milan, Italy","Quantum Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","TIF Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy","Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN, Sezione di Milano, I-20133, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIF Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037019976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943","https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"fwci":0.809,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70264264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adiabatic-quantum-computing","display_name":"adiabatic quantum computation","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-estimation","display_name":"density estimation","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-distribution-function","display_name":"cumulative distribution function","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trotterization","display_name":"Trotterization","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameter-shift-rule","display_name":"parameter-shift rule","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-machine-learning","display_name":"quantum machine learning","score":0.5460000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109663097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182453","display_name":"Adiabatic process","level":2,"score":0.6268975734710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.5737544298171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5043326616287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4370657205581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192353077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4682635","display_name":"Adiabatic quantum computation","level":4,"score":0.43636682629585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4148717522621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.38817107677459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3143012523651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.29507556557655334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14038684964179993}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217596","display_name":"Quantum Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2524-4906","issn":["2524-4906","2524-4914"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2303.11346","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.11346","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.11346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:2853183","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/2853183","pdf_url":"https://cds.cern.ch/record/2853183/files/2303.11346.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1130096","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1130096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oar:n8ffh-6wq15","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inspirehep.net/literature/2644552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Machine Intelligence, 7(2025), 1, 5, (2025-01-04)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2303.11346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2303.11346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2303.11346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42484-024-00228-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217596","display_name":"Quantum Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"2524-4906","issn":["2524-4906","2524-4914"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313559","display_name":"CERN","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406067484.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406067484.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1437335841","https://openalex.org/W1757619019","https://openalex.org/W2015811642","https://openalex.org/W2020615058","https://openalex.org/W2050334794","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2118492081","https://openalex.org/W2167236150","https://openalex.org/W2417863416","https://openalex.org/W2559394418","https://openalex.org/W2564229214","https://openalex.org/W2790388700","https://openalex.org/W2903221501","https://openalex.org/W2908764772","https://openalex.org/W2955932731","https://openalex.org/W2956718876","https://openalex.org/W2980446414","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3047467909","https://openalex.org/W3049070297","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3186049801","https://openalex.org/W3207635124","https://openalex.org/W3212431276","https://openalex.org/W4200630323","https://openalex.org/W4229376627","https://openalex.org/W4312983029","https://openalex.org/W4376455908","https://openalex.org/W4391745448","https://openalex.org/W4406262017","https://openalex.org/W4411025155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097329653","https://openalex.org/W129902957","https://openalex.org/W7151966745","https://openalex.org/W2047852913","https://openalex.org/W2006912934","https://openalex.org/W3178616770","https://openalex.org/W4414847257","https://openalex.org/W3009624027","https://openalex.org/W7204757193","https://openalex.org/W2068480026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"two":[2],"main":[3],"approaches":[4],"to":[5,29,58,104],"quantum":[6,111],"computing":[7,129],"are":[8,15,24],"gate-based":[9,52],"computation":[10,53],"and":[11,22,51],"analog":[12,50],"computation,":[13],"which":[14,80,114],"polynomially":[16],"equivalent":[17],"in":[18,113],"terms":[19],"of":[20,48,84,95,124,135],"complexity,":[21],"they":[23],"often":[25],"seen":[26],"as":[27,44,88,133],"alternatives":[28],"each":[30],"other.":[31],"In":[32,66],"this":[33],"work,":[34],"we":[35,68,99],"present":[36],"a":[37,45,63,70,96,101,110],"method":[38],"for":[39,72],"fitting":[40,83],"one-dimensional":[41],"probability":[42,131],"distributions":[43],"practical":[46],"example":[47],"how":[49],"can":[54],"be":[55],"used":[56],"together":[57],"perform":[59],"different":[60],"tasks":[61],"within":[62,75],"single":[64],"algorithm.":[65],"particular,":[67],"propose":[69],"strategy":[71],"encoding":[73],"data":[74],"an":[76],"adiabatic":[77,107],"evolution":[78,108,116],"model,":[79],"accommodates":[81],"the":[82,91,106,115,122,125,130,136],"strictly":[85],"monotonic":[86],"functions,":[87],"it":[89],"is":[90,119],"cumulative":[92,137],"distribution":[93],"function":[94,138],"dataset.":[97],"Subsequently,":[98],"use":[100],"Trotter-bounded":[102],"procedure":[103],"translate":[105],"into":[109],"circuit":[112],"time":[117],"t":[118],"identified":[120],"with":[121],"parameters":[123],"circuit.":[126],"This":[127],"facilitates":[128],"density":[132],"derivative":[134],"using":[139],"parameter":[140],"shift":[141],"rules.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-01-05T00:00:00"}