{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406022372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010081","title":"Territorial Coherence Through Urban Planning, Myth or Reality: Analysis of Planning Instruments in Ho (Ghana) and Kpalim\u00e9 (Togo)","display_name":"Territorial Coherence Through Urban Planning, Myth or Reality: Analysis of Planning Instruments in Ho (Ghana) and Kpalim\u00e9 (Togo)","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406022372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/land14010081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/1/81/pdf?version=1735905536","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/1/81/pdf?version=1735905536","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001694599","display_name":"Tchakouni Sondou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9495-1559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9495-1559"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4287427","display_name":"University of Lom\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/00wc07928","country_code":"TG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4287427"]}],"countries":["TG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tchakouni Sondou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Center of Excellence on Sustainable Cities in Africa (CERVIDA-DOUNEDON), Universit\u00e9 de Lom\u00e9, Lom\u00e9 01 BP 1515, Togo"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9495-1559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Center of Excellence on Sustainable Cities in Africa (CERVIDA-DOUNEDON), Universit\u00e9 de Lom\u00e9, Lom\u00e9 01 BP 1515, Togo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4287427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106830102","display_name":"Cyprien Coffi Aholou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1661-3533","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1661-3533"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4287427","display_name":"University of Lom\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/00wc07928","country_code":"TG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4287427"]}],"countries":["TG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Coffi Cyprien Aholou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Center of Excellence on Sustainable Cities in Africa (CERVIDA-DOUNEDON), Universit\u00e9 de Lom\u00e9, Lom\u00e9 01 BP 1515, Togo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Center of Excellence on Sustainable Cities in Africa (CERVIDA-DOUNEDON), Universit\u00e9 de Lom\u00e9, Lom\u00e9 01 BP 1515, Togo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4287427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077720753","display_name":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Chenal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8109-8358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8109-8358"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131560","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/03xc55g68","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH","MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Chenal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Urban Systems, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique (UM6P), Bengu\u00e9rir 43150, Morocco","Communaut\u00e9 d\u2019Etudes pour l\u2019Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire (CEAT), \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8109-8358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Urban Systems, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique (UM6P), Bengu\u00e9rir 43150, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communaut\u00e9 d\u2019Etudes pour l\u2019Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire (CEAT), \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001694599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4287427"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":5.9498,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95279877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"81","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13247","display_name":"Local Governance and Planning","score":0.6265000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13247","display_name":"Local Governance and Planning","score":0.6265000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12147","display_name":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","score":0.2754000127315521,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.0658000037074089,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning-tools","display_name":"urban planning instruments","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/master-plan","display_name":"master plan","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-plan","display_name":"local plan","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan-compliance","display_name":"plan compliance","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/territorial-coherence","display_name":"territorial coherence","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sprawl","display_name":"urban sprawl","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-planning","display_name":"land use planning","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ho","display_name":"Ho","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-african-cities","display_name":"West African cities","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participatory-planning","display_name":"participatory planning","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-tenure","display_name":"land tenure","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planning-resources","display_name":"planning resources","score":0.33000001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519517224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12827256","display_name":"Mythology","level":2,"score":0.5631860494613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.5356146097183228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5243238210678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776873942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149013","display_name":"Spatial planning","level":2,"score":0.48215052485466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184603391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60738778","display_name":"Land-use planning","level":3,"score":0.4776419699192047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.45646536350250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4171465039253235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34269052743911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3415932357311249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.2557375729084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.19909974932670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12869861721992493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.12601444125175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.11993467807769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/land14010081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/1/81/pdf?version=1735905536","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jlands:v:14:y:2025:i:1:p:81-:d:1559773","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/1/81/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8dd7ea31e59c4388b09613c6e7f0eeff","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8dd7ea31e59c4388b09613c6e7f0eeff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Land, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 81 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/land14010081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/1/81/pdf?version=1735905536","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738397068","display_name":"Land","issn_l":"2073-445X","issn":["2073-445X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G222738086","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IDA 5360 TG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307855","funder_display_name":"World Bank Group"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307855","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406022372.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406022372.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527241017","https://openalex.org/W1904197902","https://openalex.org/W1977328730","https://openalex.org/W2003536777","https://openalex.org/W2047606266","https://openalex.org/W2062462497","https://openalex.org/W2065188806","https://openalex.org/W2070220840","https://openalex.org/W2076052763","https://openalex.org/W2173194040","https://openalex.org/W2344062194","https://openalex.org/W2395263594","https://openalex.org/W2462541625","https://openalex.org/W2523117745","https://openalex.org/W2549220746","https://openalex.org/W2550876264","https://openalex.org/W2748335353","https://openalex.org/W2780675344","https://openalex.org/W2803620309","https://openalex.org/W2896259799","https://openalex.org/W2921573410","https://openalex.org/W2935442137","https://openalex.org/W2946083235","https://openalex.org/W2971288592","https://openalex.org/W3008677937","https://openalex.org/W3087302270","https://openalex.org/W3118259637","https://openalex.org/W3152149719","https://openalex.org/W3156609347","https://openalex.org/W3173561469","https://openalex.org/W4205935871","https://openalex.org/W4296718797","https://openalex.org/W4296773733","https://openalex.org/W4320526451","https://openalex.org/W4361287655","https://openalex.org/W4390077773","https://openalex.org/W4390751490","https://openalex.org/W4392130065","https://openalex.org/W4400265594","https://openalex.org/W4400647971","https://openalex.org/W4404243871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414831623","https://openalex.org/W3156609347","https://openalex.org/W4312192189","https://openalex.org/W6950623514","https://openalex.org/W4404243871","https://openalex.org/W4411256205","https://openalex.org/W4320526451","https://openalex.org/W2500539458","https://openalex.org/W2955672268","https://openalex.org/W2893824777"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cities":[0],"in":[1,25,67,69,73,100,121,147],"West":[2],"Africa":[3],"have":[4],"master":[5,57,132,135],"and":[6,11,15,30,58,63,71,77,84,91,110,119,162,190,195],"local":[7,59,128],"plans":[8,60,129,136,139],"to":[9,61,113,179],"plan":[10],"guide":[12,62],"land":[13,88,182],"use":[14],"prevent":[16],"urban":[17,48,65,92,98],"sprawl.":[18],"However,":[19],"their":[20],"spatial":[21,40],"growth":[22,41],"is":[23,143,151],"not":[24,144],"line":[26],"with":[27,82],"the":[28,39,54,138,145,155,163,176,181,185,191],"principles":[29],"indicators":[31],"of":[32,42,56,107,116,125,160,166,187,193],"harmonious":[33],"development.":[34],"To":[35],"what":[36],"extent":[37],"has":[38,102],"these":[43],"cities":[44],"been":[45],"shaped":[46],"by":[47,171],"development":[49,66,99],"plans?":[50],"This":[51],"article":[52],"assesses":[53],"ability":[55],"frame":[64],"Ho":[68,101,161],"Ghana":[70],"Kpalim\u00e9":[72,167],"Togo,":[74],"using":[75],"compliance":[76,105],"performance":[78,159,165],"approaches.":[79],"Combining":[80],"interviews":[81],"municipal":[83],"traditional":[85],"authorities,":[86],"statutory":[87],"administration":[89],"officials,":[90],"planners,":[93],"this":[94],"study":[95],"finds":[96],"that":[97],"an":[103],"average":[104],"rate":[106,115],"between":[108,117,154],"54%":[109],"72%,":[111],"compared":[112],"a":[114],"13%":[118],"24%":[120],"Kpalim\u00e9.":[122],"In":[123],"terms":[124],"performance,":[126],"Ho\u2019s":[127],"outperform":[130],"Kpalim\u00e9\u2019s":[131],"plans.":[133,156],"The":[134,157],"influence":[137],"below":[140],"Ho,":[141],"which":[142],"case":[146],"Kpalim\u00e9,":[148],"where":[149],"there":[150],"no":[152],"link":[153],"moderate":[158],"poor":[164],"can":[168],"be":[169],"explained":[170],"several":[172],"factors,":[173],"such":[174],"as":[175],"non-participatory":[177],"approach":[178],"planning,":[180],"tenure":[183],"system,":[184],"lack":[186,192],"political":[188],"support,":[189],"human":[194],"financial":[196],"resources.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-01-03T00:00:00"}