{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405961382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.23-0860","title":"Comparison of Paired Immunofluorescent Antibody Serology and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for the Detection of Acute Q Fever among Febrile Patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, 2012\u20132014","display_name":"Comparison of Paired Immunofluorescent Antibody Serology and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for the Detection of Acute Q Fever among Febrile Patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, 2012\u20132014","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405961382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.23-0860","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39742524","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11884282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4269/ajtmh.23-0860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.23-0860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.23-0860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100045985","display_name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0002-9637","issn":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315658","host_organization_name":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11884282/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050914049","display_name":"Robert J. Rolfe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-4023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-4023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Rolfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026459900","display_name":"John A. Crump","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4529-102X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4529-102X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1673-2970"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136876","display_name":"Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04knhza04","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ","TZ","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Crump","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;","Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;","Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina;","Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033565408","display_name":"Venance P. Maro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136876","display_name":"Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04knhza04","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136876"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venance P. Maro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania;","Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136876"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089767596","display_name":"Blandina Theophil Mmbaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-1916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-1916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136876","display_name":"Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04knhza04","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266231","display_name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01c135k83","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266231"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blandina T. Mmbaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania;","Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania;","Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136876"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136876"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026439623","display_name":"Wilbrod Saganda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265969","display_name":"Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02xybpc91","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265969"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilbrod Saganda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital, Moshi, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088607282","display_name":"Bingileki F. Lwezaula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2909-9705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2909-9705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265969","display_name":"Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02xybpc91","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265969"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingileki F. Lwezaula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital, Moshi, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024273335","display_name":"Marc Roger Couturier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0664-1546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0664-1546","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4324-0382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Roger Couturier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associated Regional and University Pathologists, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah;","Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associated Regional and University Pathologists, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah;","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078464684","display_name":"Weston C. Hymas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weston C. Hymas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associated Regional and University Pathologists, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associated Regional and University Pathologists, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078084081","display_name":"Jamie L. Perniciaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7613-8984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7613-8984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamie L. Perniciaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110109860","display_name":"William L. Nicholson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2215-6837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2215-6837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William L. Nicholson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056996837","display_name":"Gilbert J. Kersh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-3579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-3579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert J. Kersh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034652233","display_name":"Matthew P. Rubach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-1421","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-1421"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136876","display_name":"Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04knhza04","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266231","display_name":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01c135k83","country_code":"TZ","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266231"]}],"countries":["SG","TZ","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew P. Rubach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;","Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina;","Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore","Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania;","Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136876"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266231"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4876,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72214471,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"112","issue":"3","first_page":"533","last_page":"538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10296","display_name":"Vector-borne infectious diseases","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10296","display_name":"Vector-borne infectious diseases","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11899","display_name":"Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-q-fever","display_name":"acute Q fever","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coxiella-burnetii","display_name":"Coxiella burnetii","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-pcr","display_name":"real-time PCR","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-and-specificity","display_name":"sensitivity and specificity","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/febrile-illness","display_name":"febrile illness","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentinel-surveillance","display_name":"sentinel surveillance","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780731870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164818","display_name":"Q fever","level":2,"score":0.914698600769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776607032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133971","display_name":"Coxiella burnetii","level":2,"score":0.8324724435806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45189115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502159","display_name":"Serology","level":3,"score":0.7561339139938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7099011540412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.5170072317123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5146192312240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5102264881134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.47757938504219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779310458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1405631","display_name":"Fever of unknown origin","level":2,"score":0.4525319039821625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.4364756643772125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.36546844244003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22104626893997192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000208","descriptor_name":"Acute Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000907","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005334","descriptor_name":"Fever","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005455","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011778","descriptor_name":"Q Fever","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011778","descriptor_name":"Q Fever","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011778","descriptor_name":"Q Fever","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012698","descriptor_name":"Serologic Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013636","descriptor_name":"Tanzania","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016997","descriptor_name":"Coxiella burnetii","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016997","descriptor_name":"Coxiella burnetii","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016997","descriptor_name":"Coxiella burnetii","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060888","descriptor_name":"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4269/ajtmh.23-0860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.23-0860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.23-0860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100045985","display_name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0002-9637","issn":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315658","host_organization_name":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39742524","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39742524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11884282","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11884282/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11884282","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11884282/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.979200005531311}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1024989120","display_name":"Viral Zoonoses and Severe Febrile Illness in Northern Tanzania","funder_award_id":"K23AI116869","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4192285754","display_name":"Vanderbilt-Emory-Cornell-Duke Consortium for Global Health Fellows (VECDor)","funder_award_id":"R25TW009337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5368125996","display_name":"The Impact and Society Ecology of Bacterial Zoonoses in Northern Tanzania:  Under","funder_award_id":"R01TW009237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8880006161","display_name":"Investigating Febrile Deaths in Tanzania (INDITe)","funder_award_id":"R01AI121378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488713610","https://openalex.org/W1968270340","https://openalex.org/W1975673054","https://openalex.org/W1981329376","https://openalex.org/W2004101198","https://openalex.org/W2087729959","https://openalex.org/W2092270620","https://openalex.org/W2138999531","https://openalex.org/W2140193130","https://openalex.org/W2144216193","https://openalex.org/W2187559218","https://openalex.org/W2305664378","https://openalex.org/W2554655922","https://openalex.org/W2586099172","https://openalex.org/W2763556700","https://openalex.org/W3011436399","https://openalex.org/W3154007139","https://openalex.org/W4200003589","https://openalex.org/W4292261454","https://openalex.org/W6629394428","https://openalex.org/W6644212331","https://openalex.org/W6804572722","https://openalex.org/W6841970610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2763556700","https://openalex.org/W2991941716","https://openalex.org/W2140193130","https://openalex.org/W2119122903","https://openalex.org/W4392715848","https://openalex.org/W2092270620","https://openalex.org/W2144195981","https://openalex.org/W2050713786","https://openalex.org/W2015374422","https://openalex.org/W7097113011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Acute":[0,109],"Q":[1,50,65,110,168,181,227],"fever":[2,51,66,111,169,182,228],"diagnosis":[3,23,47,221],"via":[4],"paired":[5,82,149,192,251],"serology":[6],"is":[7,229],"problematic":[8],"because":[9],"it":[10,19],"requires":[11],"follow-up":[12],"for":[13,45,64,84,104,167,180],"convalescent":[14,124],"sample":[15,125],"collection;":[16],"as":[17,114,195],"such,":[18],"cannot":[20],"provide":[21],"a":[22,26,42,60,115,212,230,239],"to":[24,76,86,123],"inform":[25],"treatment":[27],"decision":[28],"at":[29,67],"the":[30,46,121,202],"time":[31],"of":[32,48,188,233,243],"acute":[33,49,100,122,226],"presentation.":[34],"Real-time":[35],"polymerase":[36],"chain":[37],"reaction":[38],"(PCR)":[39],"may":[40,217],"be":[41],"useful":[43],"approach":[44],"in":[52,59,71,126,219,222,224],"endemic":[53],"settings.":[54],"Among":[55,143],"febrile":[56,234],"patients":[57],"enrolled":[58],"sentinel":[61],"surveillance":[62],"study":[63],"two":[68],"referral":[69],"hospitals":[70],"Moshi,":[72],"Tanzania,":[73],"from":[74,120],"2012":[75],"2014,":[77],"we":[78,237],"analyzed":[79],"those":[80],"with":[81,107,250],"sera":[83],"IgG":[85],"Coxiella":[87],"burnetii":[88,106,208],"(C.":[89],"burnetii)":[90],"phase":[91],"II":[92],"antigens":[93],"using":[94,147,191],"immunofluorescent":[95],"antibody":[96],"(IFA)":[97],"testing,":[98,153],"and":[99,151,161,173,175,201],"serum":[101,247],"was":[102,112,134,198,204],"tested":[103,146,156,165,178],"C.":[105,207],"PCR.":[108],"defined":[113],"fourfold":[116],"or":[117,130],"greater":[118],"rise":[119],"IFA":[127,150,160,172,184,193,252],"reciprocal":[128],"titer":[129],"PCR":[131,152,189,209,244],"detection":[132],"that":[133,216],"confirmed":[135],"through":[136],"repeat":[137],"testing.":[138],"Test":[139],"characteristics":[140],"were":[141],"tabulated.":[142],"496":[144],"participants":[145],"both":[148,159,171],"463":[154],"(93.3%)":[155],"negative":[157],"on":[158,170,183,246],"PCR,":[162,174],"five":[163],"(1.0%)":[164],"positive":[166,179],"28":[176],"(5.6%)":[177],"alone.":[185],"The":[186],"sensitivity":[187,242],"testing":[190,194,210,245],"an":[196],"index":[197],"0.15":[199],"(5/33),":[200],"specificity":[203],"1":[205],"(463/463).":[206],"provides":[211],"clinically":[213],"specific":[214],"method":[215],"aid":[218],"timely":[220],"settings":[223],"which":[225],"common":[231],"cause":[232],"illness.":[235],"However,":[236],"found":[238],"low":[240],"clinical":[241],"when":[248],"compared":[249],"serology.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-01-01T00:00:00"}