{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405886448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5656284/v1","title":"Early Alzheimer's Disease Detection with Multiple Machine Learning Models","display_name":"Early Alzheimer's Disease Detection with Multiple Machine Learning Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405886448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5656284/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5656284/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5656284/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5656284/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-5656284/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-5656284/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006098678","display_name":"Abdelmoty M. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-7314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-7314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117471","display_name":"Ajloun National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01m28kg79","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117471"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelmoty M. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ajloun National University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ajloun National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083831951","display_name":"Feras Ahmad Hanandeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117471","display_name":"Ajloun National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01m28kg79","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117471"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feras A. Hanandeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ajloun National University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ajloun National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Amr Mohamed Soliman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amr Mohamed Soliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Khalid University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Khalid University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027082737","display_name":"Amira M. Gaber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-645X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-645X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amira M. Gaber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Higher Institute of Computer Science and Information Systems , 6 October City , Giza , Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Institute of Computer Science and Information Systems , 6 October City , Giza , Egypt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdulrahman Sharif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Sharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Badya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Badya University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119776394","display_name":"Marwa O. Al Enany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-9742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-9742"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwa O. Al Enany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Higher Institute of Computer Science and Information Systems , 6 October City , Giza , Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Institute of Computer Science and Information Systems , 6 October City , Giza , Egypt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036927529","display_name":"Mahmoud M. Khattab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-871X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-871X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","display_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9hs139","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud M. Khattab","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Islamic University Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Islamic University Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-detection","display_name":"early detection","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifiers","display_name":"machine learning classifiers","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oasis-dataset","display_name":"OASIS dataset","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting-classifier","display_name":"voting classifier","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-comparison","display_name":"model comparison","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging-classification","display_name":"neuroimaging classification","score":0.453000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7697441577911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.7086819410324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6907141208648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6441013813018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6385493874549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6318674087524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5032104849815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49668318033218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.48867514729499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.44391894340515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2382829785346985}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5656284/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5656284/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5656284/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-5656284/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5656284/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5656284/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5656284/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-5656284/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405886448.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405886448.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2948950091","https://openalex.org/W4390573377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7214242326","https://openalex.org/W4405601938","https://openalex.org/W3040436076","https://openalex.org/W7147188043","https://openalex.org/W4401618686","https://openalex.org/W7163917680","https://openalex.org/W4402312109","https://openalex.org/W4413096150","https://openalex.org/W4285197497","https://openalex.org/W7128772391"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Alzheimer's":[1],"disease":[2],"(AD)":[3],"arises":[4],"from":[5,56],"aberrant":[6],"protein":[7],"buildup":[8],"in":[9,145],"the":[10,32,120],"brain":[11],"and":[12,43,53,104,116,160,166,172],"impairs":[13],"cognition.":[14],"AD":[15,42,106,142],"is":[16,26],"more":[17],"susceptible":[18],"to":[19,138],"therapy":[20],"early":[21,24],"on,":[22],"therefore":[23],"detection":[25],"crucial":[27],"for":[28,62],"effective":[29],"treatments.":[30],"In":[31],"last":[33],"decade,":[34],"machine":[35],"learning":[36],"(ML)":[37],"methods":[38,49,144],"have":[39],"successfully":[40],"detected":[41],"other":[44],"medical":[45,63],"imaging":[46,125],"applications.":[47],"These":[48],"can":[50],"automatically":[51],"learn":[52],"recover":[54],"features":[55],"large":[57],"datasets,":[58],"making":[59],"them":[60],"useful":[61],"picture":[64],"analysis.":[65],"Logistic":[66],"Regression,":[67],"Radial":[68],"Basis":[69],"Function":[70],"Support":[71],"Vector,":[72],"Decision":[73],"Tree,":[74],"Random":[75,157],"forest,":[76,158],"Adaptive-Boost,":[77],"EXtreme":[78],"Gradient":[79,88],"Boosting":[80,161],"(XG-Boost),":[81],"Voting":[82],"Classifier,":[83],"K-Nearest":[84],"Neighbour":[85],"(KNN),":[86],"Stochastic":[87],"Descent":[89],"(SGD),":[90],"Quadratic":[91],"Discriminant":[92],"Analysis":[93],"(QDA),":[94],"Gaussian":[95],"Naive":[96,102],"Bayes,":[97,103],"Multi-layer":[98],"Perceptron":[99],"(MLP),":[100],"Extra-Gaussian":[101],"For":[105],"predictions,":[107],"ML":[108,133,152],"models":[109,134,153],"are":[110],"assessed":[111],"using":[112,119],"accuracy,":[113],"precision,":[114],"recall,":[115],"f1":[117],"score":[118],"open":[121],"access":[122],"series":[123],"of":[124],"studies":[126],"(OASIS)":[127],"dataset.":[128],"The":[129],"study":[130],"shows":[131],"that":[132],"may":[135],"be":[136],"used":[137],"generate":[139],"clinically":[140],"meaningful":[141],"diagnosis":[143],"MRI":[146],"pictures.":[147],"This":[148],"paper":[149],"ranks":[150],"selected":[151],"by":[154],"accuracy":[155,165],"scores.":[156,177],"Voting,":[159],"classifiers":[162,174],"achieved":[163],"100%":[164],"excellent":[167],"results,":[168],"while":[169],"Passive":[170],"Aggressive":[171],"KNN":[173],"had":[175],"lower":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-12-30T00:00:00"}