{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405771012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406","title":"Preventive Cardiology\u2013From Risk To Resilience","display_name":"Preventive Cardiology\u2013From Risk To Resilience","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405771012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407031307","display_name":"BMC Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2790-3419","issn":["2790-3419","2790-3427"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Journal of Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101953770","display_name":"Muhammad Nadeem Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1241-4070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1241-4070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261028","display_name":"Bannu Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04nfxh820","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261028"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Nadeem Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Cardiology, Bannu Medical College, MTI, Bannu","Professor/HoD,(Biochemistry),Editor-in-Chief & Associate Dean (Research) Bannu Medical College, Bannu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Cardiology, Bannu Medical College, MTI, Bannu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor/HoD,(Biochemistry),Editor-in-Chief & Associate Dean (Research) Bannu Medical College, Bannu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112697836","display_name":"Md. Shawquat Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0411-1589","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0411-1589"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261028","display_name":"Bannu Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04nfxh820","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261028"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shoaib Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Cardiology, Bannu Medical College, MTI, Bannu","Professor/HoD,(Biochemistry),Editor-in-Chief & Associate Dean (Research) Bannu Medical College, Bannu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Cardiology, Bannu Medical College, MTI, Bannu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor/HoD,(Biochemistry),Editor-in-Chief & Associate Dean (Research) Bannu Medical College, Bannu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261028"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37676605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13522","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13522","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14212","display_name":"Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention","score":0.13830000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventive-cardiology","display_name":"preventive cardiology","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease-prevention","display_name":"cardiovascular disease prevention","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherosclerotic-cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-communicable-diseases","display_name":"non-communicable diseases","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-prevention","display_name":"primary prevention","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-prevention","display_name":"secondary prevention","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-awareness","display_name":"public health awareness","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-modification","display_name":"lifestyle modification","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-asia","display_name":"South Asia","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-mortality","display_name":"cardiovascular mortality","score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framingham-heart-study","display_name":"Framingham Heart Study","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-burden-of-disease","display_name":"economic burden of disease","score":0.3319999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.7696685791015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3950710594654083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.28430622816085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07940804958343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407031307","display_name":"BMC Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2790-3419","issn":["2790-3419","2790-3427"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Journal of Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70905/bmcj.05.02.0406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407031307","display_name":"BMC Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2790-3419","issn":["2790-3419","2790-3427"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Journal of Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2284759612","https://openalex.org/W4402320089","https://openalex.org/W4378555281","https://openalex.org/W2953081822","https://openalex.org/W2752145644","https://openalex.org/W4404656008","https://openalex.org/W1887981150","https://openalex.org/W4229446828","https://openalex.org/W2016027324","https://openalex.org/W2884088167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,235,419,449,496,587],"concept":[1],"of":[2,47,55,67,107,152,164,182,200,237,245,260,272,365,404,451,473,491,504,536,589,649,680,703,738,766],"Preventive":[3,631,664,696],"cardiology":[4,407,421,466,499,632,665,697,742,756],"aimed":[5,456],"to":[6,16,20,84,99,150,169,179,211,304,312,381,401,411,414,479,562,711,714,733,761],"reduce":[7,52,170],"the":[8,86,101,105,115,119,160,183,205,229,301,393,462,502,530,566,693,699,726,728,735,750,759],"cardiovascular":[9,48,56,202,394,474,505,619,688],"risk":[10,25,46,54,366,376,503,603],"factors":[11,26,102,367],"is":[12,227,300,309,467,533,698],"charming":[13],"and":[14,35,58,111,147,162,247,274,286,317,331,340,363,374,387,445,493,523,544,546,579,596,605,623,637,657,661,671,678,716,747,749],"easy":[15,660],"understand":[17],"but":[18,225,428],"difficult":[19],"implement.":[21],"Common":[22],"preventable":[23,239],"cardiac":[24,185,433,616],"include":[27,424,429],"diabetes":[28],"mellitus,":[29],"hypertention,":[30],"smoking,":[31],"obesity,":[32],"dyslipidemia,":[33],"sedentary":[34],"stressful":[36],"life":[37,91],"style.":[38],"Evidence":[39],"has":[40,540,611],"shown":[41],"that":[42,64,103,133,752],"individuals":[43],"with":[44,69,143,508,565],"increased":[45,210],"disease":[49,88,146,197,506,651],"(CVD)":[50],"can":[51,396,547],"their":[53],"morbidity":[57,248],"mortality.1":[59],"A":[60,608],"recent":[61],"report":[62],"found":[63],"only":[65,426],"5%":[66],"patients":[68,186,377,767],"a":[70,79,314,452,470,534],"BMI":[71],"over":[72,276],"30":[73],"were":[74,267],"defined":[75],"as":[76,359,469],"obese":[77],"in":[78,189,204,215,222,231,243,258,279,334,488,550,558,572,577,655,659,669,692,740,754],"primary":[80,357,386,622],"care-setting.1CVD":[81],"will":[82,187,460,477],"continue":[83],"be":[85,188,292,344,354,369,379,397,409,548,563,628,635,653,667,684,708,720],"dominant":[87],"effecting":[89],"our":[90],"expectancy.2":[92],"Framingham":[93],"Heart":[94],"Study":[95],"(FHS)":[96],"was":[97],"designed":[98],"know":[100],"determine":[104],"development":[106],"atherosclerotic":[108],"CVD":[109,459],"(ASCVD)":[110],"this":[112,153,208,238,391,481,723,763],"study":[113],"for":[114,123,136,159,346,356,385,601,618,647,676,722],"first":[116],"time":[117],"coined":[118],"term":[120,244],"\u201crisk":[121],"factor\u201d":[122],"coronary":[124,195],"heart":[125,145,218,650],"disease.":[126],"3-4":[127],"World":[128],"Health":[129],"Organization":[130],"(WHO)":[131],"estimates":[132],"CVDs":[134,174],"account":[135],"approximately":[137],"17.9":[138],"million":[139,289],"deaths":[140,203,290],"each":[141],"year,":[142],"ischemic":[144],"stroke":[148],"contributing":[149],"85%":[151],"burden.5":[154],"WHO\u2019s":[155],"\u201cGlobal":[156],"Action":[157],"Plan":[158],"Prevention":[161,299],"Control":[163],"No":[165],"communicable":[166,264],"Diseases\u201d":[167],"aim":[168],"premature":[171],"mortality":[172,246],"from":[173],"by":[175,177,255,390,515,614],"25%":[176],"20255.According":[178],"WHO":[180],"60%":[181],"world's":[184],"South":[190],"Asian":[191],"region.6In":[192],"early":[193],"sixties,":[194],"artery":[196],"represented":[198],"4%":[199],"all":[201,372,643],"region,":[206],"while":[207],"number":[209],"more":[212,525,709,717],"than":[213,295,528],"50%":[214],"1990.6,7":[216],"Although":[217],"diseases":[219,265,689],"are":[220,241,585],"decreasing":[221],"developed":[223,468,492,557,613],"countries,":[224],"it":[226],"on":[228],"rise":[230],"low":[232,280],"income":[233,281],"countries.":[234,695],"impacts":[236],"epidemic":[240,395],"substantial":[242],"andeconomiccosts.6Gross":[249],"domestic":[250],"product":[251],"(GDP)":[252],"could":[253,291],"increase":[254],"4-10":[256],"percent,":[257],"terms":[259],"macroeconomics,":[261],"if":[262],"non":[263],"(NCDs)":[266],"completely":[268],"eliminated.7":[269],"By":[270],"reduction":[271],"tobacco":[273],"salt":[275],"10":[277],"years,":[278],"countries":[282,581],"like":[283],"Pakistan,":[284],"india":[285],"Bangladesh,":[287],"13.8":[288],"prevented":[293],",atacostoflessn":[294],"0ne":[296],"dollar":[297],"perpersonayear9,10":[298],"smartest":[302],"way":[303,392],"achieve":[305],"these":[306],"goals.":[307],"It":[308,706],"therefore":[310],"important":[311],"frame":[313],"nationwide":[315],"comprehensive":[316],"integrated":[318],"programme.":[319],"This":[320,532],"programme":[321],"should":[322,343,353,368,378,408,423,627,634,652,666,683,719,743],"have":[323,485,555,734,758],"cardio":[324,382],"metabolic":[325,383],"centers":[326,384],"at":[327,371,457,639],"tertiary":[328],"care":[329,510],"hospitals":[330,476],"satellite":[332],"units":[333],"periphery.":[335],"Social":[336],"media,":[337],"print":[338],"media":[339],"other":[341,402,412],"forums":[342],"utilized":[345],"public":[347],"awareness":[348],"regarding":[349],"preventive":[350,406,420,465,498,537,574,625,681,741,755],"measures.":[351],"Resources":[352],"allocated":[355,721],"as-well":[358],"secondary":[360,388,624],"prevention.":[361,389],"Identification":[362],"treatment":[364],"done":[370],"levels":[373],"high":[375],"referred":[380],"prevented.":[398],"In":[399,686,725],"contrast":[400],"sub-specialties":[403],"cardiology,":[405,538],"open":[410],"disciplines":[413],"provide":[415],"dedicated":[416,453],"longitudinal":[417],"care.":[418,705],"team":[422],"not":[425],"cardiologist":[427],"internists,":[430],"endocrinologists,":[431],"Nephrologists,":[432],"rehabilitation":[434],"expert,":[435],"pediatricians,":[436],"obstetrician/gynecologists,":[437],"clinical":[438,440,552],"pharmacists,":[439],"psychologists,":[441],",":[442],"dietitians,":[443],"nurses,":[444],"advanced":[446],"practice":[447],"providers.":[448],"creation":[450],"sub":[454],"specialty":[455,472],"preventing":[458],"serve":[461],"cause.11":[463],"Once":[464],"separate":[471],"medicine,":[475],"need":[478,561],"integrate":[480],"service.":[482],"Many":[483],"initiatives":[484],"been":[486,541,556,612],"taken":[487],"different":[489],"parts":[490],"developing":[494,694],"countries.12":[495],"EUROACTION":[497],"program":[500],"reduced":[501],"compared":[507],"usual":[509],"mainly":[511],"through":[512],"lifestyle":[513],"changes":[514],"families,":[516],"who":[517,731],"together":[518],"made":[519],"healthier":[520],"food":[521],"choices":[522],"became":[524],"physically":[526],"active":[527],"before":[529],"intervention.":[531],"model":[535],"which":[539,560],"successfully":[542],"implemented":[543,564],"assessed,":[545],"used,":[549],"routine":[551],"practice.":[553],"Models":[554],"Pakistan":[559,615],"supportofthegovernment.13,14":[567],"Despite":[568],"advancements,":[569],"challenges":[570],"persist":[571],"implementing":[573],"measures,":[575],"particularly":[576],"low-":[578],"middle-income":[580],"where":[582],"healthcare":[583,729],"resources":[584,718],"limited.":[586],"advent":[588],"digital":[590],"health":[591],"technologies,":[592],"including":[593],"wearable":[594],"devices":[595],"tale-medicine,":[597],"offers":[598],"new":[599],"opportunities":[600],"personalized":[602],"assessment":[604],"continuous":[606],"monitoring.":[607],"local":[609],"guideline":[610],"society":[617],"diseases.":[620],"Both":[621],"interventions":[626],"initiated":[629],"simultaneously.":[630],"theme":[633],"encourage":[636],"highlighted":[638],"every":[640],"forum":[641],"using":[642],"available":[644],"media.":[645],"Strategies":[646],"prevention":[648,715],"taught":[654],"schools":[656],"colleges":[658],"simple":[662],"language.":[663],"included":[668],"undergraduate":[670],"post":[672],"graduate":[673],"curriculum.":[674],"Funds":[675],"Research":[677],"implementation":[679],"measures":[682],"allocated.":[685],"conclusion,":[687],"rapidly":[690],"increasing":[691],"most":[700],"neglected":[701],"part":[702],"patient":[704],"would":[707],"logical":[710],"pay":[712],"attention":[713],"purpose.":[724],"future,":[727],"provider":[730],"wants":[732],"full":[736],"set":[737],"competencies":[739],"undergo":[744],"proper":[745],"training":[746],"certification":[748],"center":[751],"specializes":[753],"must":[757],"abilities":[760],"address":[762],"ever-expanding":[764],"spectrum":[765]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}