{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405477491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o0wa24","title":"The Impact of Fly Ash and Sea Sand on Strength and Durability of Concrete","display_name":"The Impact of Fly Ash and Sea Sand on Strength and Durability of Concrete","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405477491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o0wa24"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/p-o0wa24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o0wa24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o0wa24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75411654","display_name":"Key engineering materials","issn_l":"1013-9826","issn":["1013-9826","1662-9795","1662-9809"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Key Engineering Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o0wa24","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023206763","display_name":"Dahlia Patah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-3243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-3243"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144564","display_name":"Universitas Sulawesi Barat","ror":"https://ror.org/04mfr5763","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144564"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahlia Patah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Sulawesi Barat"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Sulawesi Barat","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144564"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067700378","display_name":"Amry Dasar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6712-2497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6712-2497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144564","display_name":"Universitas Sulawesi Barat","ror":"https://ror.org/04mfr5763","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144564"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amry Dasar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Sulawesi Barat"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Sulawesi Barat","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144564"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111300553","display_name":"Fakhruddin Fakhruddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8693-0994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8693-0994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301867","display_name":"Hasanuddin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00da1gf19","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301867"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fakhruddin Fakhruddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hasanuddin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hasanuddin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117545311","display_name":"Balqis Shintarahayu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8723-238X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8723-238X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301867","display_name":"Hasanuddin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00da1gf19","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301867"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balqis Shintarahayu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hasanuddin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hasanuddin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072074568","display_name":"Apriansyah Apriansyah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144564","display_name":"Universitas Sulawesi Barat","ror":"https://ror.org/04mfr5763","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144564"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apriansyah Apriansyah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Sulawesi Barat"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Sulawesi Barat","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144564"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067700378"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144564"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58230172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1000","issue":null,"first_page":"23","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.8432999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.8432999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13140","display_name":"Materials Engineering and Processing","score":0.11819999665021896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11847","display_name":"Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance","score":0.0272000003606081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fly-ash","display_name":"fly ash","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-sand","display_name":"sea sand","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete","display_name":"concrete","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/durability","display_name":"durability","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-corrosion","display_name":"reinforcement corrosion","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-aggregate-replacement","display_name":"fine aggregate replacement","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement-replacement","display_name":"cement replacement","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-waste-utilization","display_name":"industrial waste utilization","score":0.4350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87343466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236139","display_name":"Fly ash","level":2,"score":0.88724684715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.740368127822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.7221677899360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104304963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5316114","display_name":"Durability","level":2,"score":0.7139378786087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.6332404017448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.5482490658760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.46892672777175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781191127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250196","display_name":"Properties of concrete","level":3,"score":0.4663977026939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.438381552696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.39818450808525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39097464084625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.34965962171554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.23633185029029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21220001578330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12288695573806763}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4028/p-o0wa24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o0wa24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o0wa24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75411654","display_name":"Key engineering materials","issn_l":"1013-9826","issn":["1013-9826","1662-9795","1662-9809"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Key Engineering Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4028/p-o0wa24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o0wa24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o0wa24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75411654","display_name":"Key engineering materials","issn_l":"1013-9826","issn":["1013-9826","1662-9795","1662-9809"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317839","host_organization_name":"Trans Tech Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Trans Tech Publications"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Key Engineering Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88167688","https://openalex.org/W586522778","https://openalex.org/W1973431666","https://openalex.org/W2026279653","https://openalex.org/W2031785576","https://openalex.org/W2054040184","https://openalex.org/W2100337977","https://openalex.org/W2112904804","https://openalex.org/W2620636574","https://openalex.org/W2738999465","https://openalex.org/W2954318728","https://openalex.org/W2955355628","https://openalex.org/W3030740128","https://openalex.org/W3034825308","https://openalex.org/W3036261338","https://openalex.org/W3036283079","https://openalex.org/W4241881992","https://openalex.org/W4295394235","https://openalex.org/W4297272066","https://openalex.org/W4379386231","https://openalex.org/W4386994051","https://openalex.org/W6634290086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408967311","https://openalex.org/W4405922841","https://openalex.org/W3215329285","https://openalex.org/W3118752586","https://openalex.org/W4400676666","https://openalex.org/W4396592841","https://openalex.org/W4224310400","https://openalex.org/W4387537915","https://openalex.org/W6887666549","https://openalex.org/W3019080327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fly":[0],"ash":[1,19,86,135,159],"is":[2,20,49],"a":[3,23,56,162],"solid":[4],"waste":[5],"produced":[6],"by":[7],"power":[8],"plants.":[9],"To":[10],"overcome":[11],"the":[12,16,33,50,67,82,90,97,142,152],"bad":[13],"effects":[14],"on":[15,89],"environment,":[17],"fly":[18,85,134,158],"used":[21],"as":[22,55,146],"substitute":[24,57],"for":[25,58,165],"cement":[26],"in":[27,39],"making":[28],"concrete.":[29,101,127,148],"Apart":[30,149],"from":[31,150],"that,":[32,151],"innovation":[34],"of":[35,47,52,70,84,87,93,100,130,154,171],"aggregate":[36],"replacement":[37],"materials":[38],"mixing":[40],"concrete":[41],"also":[42],"has":[43,141,161],"several":[44],"alternatives,":[45],"one":[46],"which":[48],"use":[51,73,83,129,153],"sea":[53,71,112,117,139,155],"sand":[54,72,113,118,140,156],"fine":[59],"aggregate.":[60],"This":[61],"research":[62,103],"was":[63],"conducted":[64],"to":[65,109,125,132],"determine":[66],"best":[68],"proportion":[69],"10\u201340%":[74],"with":[75,137],"two":[76],"treatments":[77],"(washed":[78],"and":[79,81,96,114,157],"unwashed)":[80],"20-30%":[88],"corrosion":[91,168],"resistance":[92],"reinforcing":[94,166],"steel":[95,167],"mechanical":[98],"properties":[99],"The":[102,128],"results":[104],"show":[105],"that":[106],"using":[107],"up":[108,131],"30%":[110,133],"washed":[111],"10%":[115],"unwashed":[116],"can":[119],"increase":[120],"compressive":[121,144],"strength":[122,145],"when":[123],"compared":[124],"normal":[126,147],"together":[136,160],"20%":[138],"same":[143],"low-risk":[163],"category":[164],"(10%":[169],"risk":[170],"corrosion).":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-12-18T00:00:00"}
