{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405428131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017","title":"Minimum hop path model for LEO mega constellation networks with inter-layer satellite links: A theoretical analytic approach","display_name":"Minimum hop path model for LEO mega constellation networks with inter-layer satellite links: A theoretical analytic approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405428131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113313948","display_name":"Advances in Space Research","issn_l":"0273-1177","issn":["0273-1177","1879-1948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Space Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044076452","display_name":"Zijian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-8613","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-8613"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074469298","display_name":"Zhongcheng Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8868-0447","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8868-0447"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongcheng Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073232711","display_name":"Hang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-3456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-3456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054455940","display_name":"Shufan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-5533","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-5533","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5872-7881"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shufan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073209088","display_name":"Yixing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2627-3077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2627-3077","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0477-1090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Keke Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keke Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites, Shanghai 201304, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites, Shanghai 201304, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074469298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"fwci":1.4009,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79162599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"4","first_page":"3994","last_page":"4012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-satellite-links","display_name":"inter-satellite links","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-world-networks","display_name":"small-world networks","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-diameter","display_name":"network diameter","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortest-path-length","display_name":"shortest path length","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/starlink","display_name":"Starlink","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.8357117176055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.7709954380989075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6113765239715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25906391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432381","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5668609738349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5665115714073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781078984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107205","display_name":"Mega-","level":2,"score":0.5502543449401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.511473536491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.38094067573547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.347302109003067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33820199966430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3067399263381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20748275518417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20644515752792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20364445447921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.1035776138305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113313948","display_name":"Advances in Space Research","issn_l":"0273-1177","issn":["0273-1177","1879-1948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Space Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113313948","display_name":"Advances in Space Research","issn_l":"0273-1177","issn":["0273-1177","1879-1948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Space Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2600809867","display_name":"\u591a\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u661f\u7fa4\u81ea\u4e3b\u5a01\u80c1\u89c4\u907f\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84\u89c4\u5212\u63a7\u5236\u6280\u672f","funder_award_id":"23ZR1432400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982862920","https://openalex.org/W2041029088","https://openalex.org/W2099918229","https://openalex.org/W2109495845","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2168836787","https://openalex.org/W2345761190","https://openalex.org/W2755419447","https://openalex.org/W2755681894","https://openalex.org/W2785316600","https://openalex.org/W2941952695","https://openalex.org/W2992876274","https://openalex.org/W3003179551","https://openalex.org/W3042793520","https://openalex.org/W3128807435","https://openalex.org/W3134916744","https://openalex.org/W3140125865","https://openalex.org/W3147278562","https://openalex.org/W3159204150","https://openalex.org/W3178636644","https://openalex.org/W3195850688","https://openalex.org/W3197739072","https://openalex.org/W4206779053","https://openalex.org/W4214616144","https://openalex.org/W4214688726","https://openalex.org/W4223568641","https://openalex.org/W4238904977","https://openalex.org/W4280549353","https://openalex.org/W4285732202","https://openalex.org/W4290996335","https://openalex.org/W4292387370","https://openalex.org/W4297972241","https://openalex.org/W4301184224","https://openalex.org/W4312413531","https://openalex.org/W4312705588","https://openalex.org/W4319865964","https://openalex.org/W4376479183","https://openalex.org/W4382119216","https://openalex.org/W4386453713","https://openalex.org/W4391791260","https://openalex.org/W4399766950","https://openalex.org/W6606642502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385787340","https://openalex.org/W2394459062","https://openalex.org/W2392670398","https://openalex.org/W4221033466","https://openalex.org/W4224313018","https://openalex.org/W2355913771","https://openalex.org/W2560673277","https://openalex.org/W4225291832","https://openalex.org/W3209202847","https://openalex.org/W2377622301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"Earth":[1],"orbit":[2],"(LEO)":[3],"Mega-constellation":[4],"networks":[5],"(MCNs)":[6],"with":[7,27,75],"inter-satellite":[8],"links":[9,29],"(ISLs)":[10],"are":[11,167],"of":[12,17,39,87,93,104,128,139,151,158,172,186],"great":[13],"importance":[14],"in":[15,160],"terms":[16],"broadband":[18],"communications":[19],".":[20,79],"Compared":[21],"to":[22,62,107,143,154,169],"single-layer":[23],"MCNs,":[24],"multi-layer":[25],"MCNs":[26,74],"inter-layer":[28],"(ILLs)":[30],"bring":[31],"better":[32],"throughput":[33],"and":[34,117,176,183],"invulnerability":[35],"at":[36],"the":[37,47,56,64,85,90,114,118,124,137,170,184],"cost":[38],"increased":[40],"routing":[41,181],"complexity.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"for":[46,72,163,180],"first":[48],"time,":[49],"a":[50,101,108,148,155],"theoretical":[51],"analytic":[52],"approach":[53],"based":[54],"on":[55],"non\u2013homogeneous":[57],"Poisson":[58],"distribution":[59,127],"is":[60,82,132],"proposed":[61],"estimate":[63],"hop":[65,129,145,161],"count":[66,130,162],"between":[67],"any":[68],"two":[69],"ground":[70],"users":[71],"dual-layer":[73],"different":[76],"ILL":[77],"densities":[78],"Meanwhile,":[80],"it":[81],"demonstrated":[83],"that":[84,99,136],"establishment":[86],"ILLs":[88,140,152],"reflects":[89],"dynamic":[91],"features":[92],"\u201dsmall":[94],"world\u201d":[95],"networks,":[96],"which":[97],"implies":[98],"introducing":[100],"small":[102],"percentage":[103],"random":[105],"connections":[106],"regular":[109],"network":[110,115],"can":[111],"significantly":[112],"decrease":[113],"diameter":[116],"average":[119],"shortest":[120],"path":[121],"length.":[122],"Additionally,":[123],"uneven":[125],"spatial":[126],"reduction":[131,157],"clarified.":[133],"Results":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"implementation":[138],"effectively":[141],"contributes":[142],"diminishing":[144],"count.":[146],"Remarkably,":[147],"mere":[149],"6%":[150],"leads":[153],"substantial":[156],"22.3%":[159],"Starlink.":[164],"These":[165],"findings":[166],"helpful":[168],"comprehension":[171],"constellation":[173],"topological":[174],"properties":[175],"provide":[177],"valuable":[178],"guidance":[179],"design":[182],"deployment":[185],"ISLs.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
