{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405204516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1","title":"LLMs for Insurance: Opportunities, Challenges and Concerns","display_name":"LLMs for Insurance: Opportunities, Challenges and Concerns","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405204516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chunling Cao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunling Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiuling Yao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuling Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenying Gong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenying Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100349731","display_name":"Yutong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9085-9868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9085-9868","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5440-8719"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017248601","display_name":"Yang Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3962-4278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3962-4278","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0390-1835"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013406273","display_name":"Jinghan Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuechen Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuechen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chaoran Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoran Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.8095999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.8095999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.06360000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.043299999088048935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-industry","display_name":"insurance industry","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"sentiment analysis","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"risk assessment","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-customer-service","display_name":"personalized customer service","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-privacy","display_name":"data privacy","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-security","display_name":"AI security","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-bias","display_name":"algorithmic bias","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-transparency","display_name":"AI transparency","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairness","display_name":"fairness","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"risk management","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-compliance","display_name":"regulatory compliance","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-service-automation","display_name":"customer service automation","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5497182607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3460995852947235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.32200735807418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23254427313804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14222407341003418}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.0695.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416050578","https://openalex.org/W4400980653","https://openalex.org/W6911430456","https://openalex.org/W4406052352","https://openalex.org/W7078346612","https://openalex.org/W4404590772","https://openalex.org/W7131316679","https://openalex.org/W4407150768","https://openalex.org/W7128017732","https://openalex.org/W4413406770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"revolutionized":[5],"the":[6,20,43,48,75,82,119,154,160],"financial":[7,161],"services":[8],"sector":[9],"by":[10,27],"enhancing":[11],"data":[12,71,130],"processing,":[13],"decision-making,":[14],"and":[15,31,38,59,74,84,95,118,127,143,147],"customer":[16,33,145],"interaction.":[17],"Particularly":[18],"in":[19,54,111,159],"insurance":[21,49,134],"industry,":[22],"LLMs":[23,46,110,138],"facilitate":[24],"significant":[25],"advancements":[26],"automating":[28],"complex":[29],"processes":[30,88],"personalizing":[32],"engagements,":[34],"which":[35],"increases":[36],"efficiency":[37],"satisfaction.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41,100],"explores":[42],"integration":[44],"of":[45,78,86,156],"within":[47],"sector,":[50],"highlighting":[51],"their":[52],"capabilities":[53],"sentiment":[55],"analysis,":[56],"risk":[57,104,148],"assessment,":[58],"tailored":[60],"service":[61,146],"provision.":[62],"However,":[63],"deploying":[64],"these":[65],"models":[66],"presents":[67],"substantial":[68],"challenges":[69],"concerning":[70],"privacy,":[72],"security,":[73],"ethical":[76],"implications":[77],"automated":[79],"decision-making.":[80],"Ensuring":[81],"fairness":[83],"transparency":[85],"AI-driven":[87],"is":[89],"imperative":[90],"to":[91,124,139],"address":[92],"potential":[93],"biases":[94],"maintain":[96],"consumer":[97],"trust.":[98],"The":[99,133],"also":[101],"discusses":[102],"robust":[103],"management":[105,149],"strategies":[106],"essential":[107],"for":[108,121],"implementing":[109],"sensitive":[112],"environments,":[113],"focusing":[114],"on":[115],"continuous":[116],"monitoring":[117],"need":[120],"regular":[122],"updates":[123],"security":[125],"practices":[126],"compliance":[128],"with":[129],"protection":[131],"laws.":[132],"industry":[135],"can":[136],"leverage":[137],"improve":[140],"operational":[141],"efficiencies":[142],"enhance":[144],"practices,":[150],"positioning":[151],"themselves":[152],"at":[153],"forefront":[155],"technological":[157],"innovation":[158],"sector.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-12-10T00:00:00"}