{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405163641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59857/ijabs3438","title":"An Evaluation of the Nature and Extent of Challenges Encountered by Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in Botswana During COVID-19","display_name":"An Evaluation of the Nature and Extent of Challenges Encountered by Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in Botswana During COVID-19","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405163641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59857/ijabs3438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59857/ijabs3438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59857/ijabs3438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59857/ijabs3438","pdf_url":"https://besra.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/341-final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290749","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Business Studies","issn_l":"2940-2735","issn":["2940-2735"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Business Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://besra.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/341-final.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116489600","display_name":"Pearson Chaurura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-0583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-0583"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I309707301","display_name":"Botho University","ror":"https://ror.org/00nfn7821","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I309707301"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pearson Chaurura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Botho University , Faculty of Health & Education , Department of Health Information Management"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Botho University , Faculty of Health & Education , Department of Health Information Management","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I309707301"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115052215","display_name":"Javaid Dar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javaid Dar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aligarh University , Department of Higher Education , Government of Jammu & Kashmir"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aligarh University , Department of Higher Education , Government of Jammu & Kashmir","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8741,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.841191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13053","display_name":"SMEs Development and Digital Marketing","score":0.5443999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13053","display_name":"SMEs Development and Digital Marketing","score":0.5443999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":0.4431000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-small-and-medium-enterprises","display_name":"micro, small and medium enterprises","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-challenges","display_name":"business challenges","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-challenges","display_name":"financial challenges","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-challenges","display_name":"technical challenges","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hrm-challenges","display_name":"HRM challenges","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitization","display_name":"digitization","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-assistance-programs","display_name":"government support programs","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-differences","display_name":"industry differences","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botswana","display_name":"Botswana","score":0.9750000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7359123229980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.6735402345657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6400381922721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5767920017242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5008432865142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.41907602548599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.35017678141593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.34817272424697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15738239884376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.10866889357566833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59857/ijabs3438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59857/ijabs3438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59857/ijabs3438","pdf_url":"https://besra.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/341-final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290749","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Business Studies","issn_l":"2940-2735","issn":["2940-2735"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Business Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d4de694634f0434f829fec6d527580f9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d4de694634f0434f829fec6d527580f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Business Studies, Vol 3, Iss 4 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.59857/ijabs3438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59857/ijabs3438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59857/ijabs3438","pdf_url":"https://besra.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/341-final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290749","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Business Studies","issn_l":"2940-2735","issn":["2940-2735"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Business Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41670000553131104}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405163641.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405163641.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205698903","https://openalex.org/W4400613637","https://openalex.org/W4294968941","https://openalex.org/W4283819461","https://openalex.org/W4390279739","https://openalex.org/W4205413867","https://openalex.org/W3179695362","https://openalex.org/W4394620624","https://openalex.org/W3177646415","https://openalex.org/W3046517191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"sought":[2],"to":[3,59,132,145],"identify":[4],"and":[5,9,40,57,72,103,112,137],"evaluate":[6],"the":[7,19,32,61,117],"nature":[8],"extent":[10],"of":[11,63,80,109,120,141],"challenges":[12,30,69,85,102,115],"faced":[13],"by":[14],"SMMEs":[15,25],"in":[16,26,49,90,123,139],"Botswana":[17,27],"during":[18],"COVID-19":[20],"pandemic.":[21],"It":[22,126],"found":[23],"that":[24],"encountered":[28],"several":[29],"but":[31],"most":[33],"important":[34,89],"were":[35,47,68],"financial":[36],"(75.4%),":[37],"technological":[38],"(74.4%),":[39],"human":[41,113],"resource":[42,114],"(68.8%)":[43],"challenges.":[44],"Specifically,":[45],"these":[46],"drop":[48],"sales/business":[50],"(89.2%),":[51],"need":[52],"for":[53,130],"accelerated":[54],"digitisation":[55],"(45.8%),":[56],"capacity":[58],"ensure":[60],"well-being":[62],"employees":[64],"(58.4%).":[65],"Also,":[66],"there":[67,96],"with":[70],"accessing":[71],"utilising":[73],"government":[74],"programmes":[75],"despite":[76],"a":[77,98],"high":[78],"level":[79],"awareness":[81],"among":[82],"SMMEs.":[83,142],"Some":[84],"may":[86],"be":[87,146],"more":[88],"some":[91],"sectors":[92],"than":[93],"others":[94],"as":[95],"was":[97],"significant":[99],"association":[100],"between":[101],"SMME":[104,124],"industry":[105],"sector.":[106],"The":[107],"dominance":[108],"financial,":[110],"technological,":[111],"underscores":[116],"central":[118],"role":[119],"they":[121],"play":[122],"operations.":[125],"is":[127],"not":[128],"enough":[129],"governments":[131],"avail":[133],"resources,":[134],"programmes,":[135],"policies":[136],"frameworks":[138],"support":[140],"Effort":[143],"needs":[144],"expended":[147],"promote":[148],"uptake.":[149],"DOI:":[150],"https://doi.org/10.59857/IJABS3438":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T09:40:40.371523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}