{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405114885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","title":"Geographical variation in lung function: Results from the multicentric cross-sectional BOLD study","display_name":"Geographical variation in lung function: Results from the multicentric cross-sectional BOLD study","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405114885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39641354","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11627206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898275119","display_name":"Pulmonology","issn_l":"2531-0429","issn":["2531-0429","2531-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044492838","display_name":"Peter Burney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-5678","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-5678"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter G.J. Burney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London","National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"James Potts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Potts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London","National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072069246","display_name":"Ben Knox\u2010Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-4413","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-4413"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Knox-Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London","National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085945564","display_name":"Gregory Efosa Erhabor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9189"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13144388","display_name":"Ekiti State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4zkr79","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13144388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28653996","display_name":"Adekunle Ajasin University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e27p903","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28653996"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154411","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex","ror":"https://ror.org/05bkbs460","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Erhabor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex","Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Osun, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13144388","https://openalex.org/I28653996","https://openalex.org/I4210154411","https://openalex.org/I45711476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Osun, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154411","https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080876001","display_name":"Hamid Hacene Cherkaski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108754898","display_name":"Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sf55932","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108754898"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Hacene Cherkaski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Badji Mokhtar","Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Badji Mokhtar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108754898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108754898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110957874","display_name":"Kevin Mortimer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270996","display_name":"Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01pd4a160","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270996"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Mortimer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","University of Cambridge","Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270996"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007444097","display_name":"Padukudru Anand Mahesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-5945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-5945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126824641","display_name":"JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/013x70191","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126824641"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86826812","display_name":"JSS Medical College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf0fd83","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86826812"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahesh Padukudru Anand","raw_affiliation_strings":["JSS Medical College, JSSAHER","Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysuru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JSS Medical College, JSSAHER","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysuru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126824641","https://openalex.org/I86826812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085440448","display_name":"David M. Mannino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3646-7828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3646-7828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133259","display_name":"COPD Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02qfkky73","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133259"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M Mannino","raw_affiliation_strings":["COPD Foundation","University of Kentucky","COPD Foundation, Miami, FL, USA","Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COPD Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133259"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"COPD Foundation, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133259"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083912647","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Cardoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-1714","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-1714"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095157","display_name":"Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/00k6r3f30","country_code":"PT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095157"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao Cardoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central","Nova University Lisbon","NOVA Medical School, Nova University Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal","Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nova University Lisbon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA Medical School, Nova University Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057513401","display_name":"Rana Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7084"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rana Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab)","The Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab), Khartoum, Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab), Khartoum, Sudan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074345456","display_name":"Asma Elsony","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6989-8862","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6989-8862"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Elsony","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab)","The Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab), Khartoum, Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab), Khartoum, Sudan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081223281","display_name":"Cristina B\u00e1rbara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-4105","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-4105"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114390","display_name":"Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/020sr6z07","country_code":"PT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114390","https://openalex.org/I4405255475"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Barbara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte","Universidade de Lisboa","Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","Servi\u00e7o de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Lisboa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Servi\u00e7o de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104086785","display_name":"Rune Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-0430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-0430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800740805","display_name":"Haukeland University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03np4e098","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800740805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rune Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haukeland University Hospital","University of Bergen","Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haukeland University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800740805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bergen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800740805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110871278","display_name":"Eric Bateman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Bateman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute","Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and UCT Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042221568","display_name":"Stefanni Nonna M Paraguas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155360","display_name":"Philippine Heart Center","ror":"https://ror.org/050rdvn58","country_code":"PH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155360"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefanni Nonna M Paraguas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philippine College of Chest Physicians","Philippine Heart Centre","Philippine College of Chest Physicians, Manila, Philippines","Philippine Heart Centre, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philippine College of Chest Physicians","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philippine Heart Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philippine College of Chest Physicians, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philippine Heart Centre, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050110587","display_name":"Li Cher Loh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122655420","display_name":"RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/0474gs458","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122655420"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Cher Loh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus","Department of Public Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, Penang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122655420"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122655420"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032289968","display_name":"Abdul Rashid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122655420","display_name":"RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/0474gs458","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122655420"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus","Department of Public Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, Penang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122655420"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122655420"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062699123","display_name":"Emiel F.\ufffdM. Wouters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-575X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-575X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109570744","display_name":"Sigmund Freud Privatuniversit\u00e4t Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04hwbg047","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109570744"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}],"countries":["AT","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emiel FM Wouters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maastricht University Medical Centre","Sigmund Freud University","Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands","Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sigmund Freud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109570744"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109570744"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021740109","display_name":"Frits M.E. Franssen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1633-6356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1633-6356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frits ME Franssen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maastricht University Medical Centre","Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057321930","display_name":"Herm\u00ednia Brites Dias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1257-8734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1257-8734"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herm\u00ednia Brites Dias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic of Lisbon","Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic of Lisbon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000191223","display_name":"\u00de\u00f3rarinn G\u00edslason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-9876","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-9876"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165368041","display_name":"University of Iceland","ror":"https://ror.org/01db6h964","country_code":"IS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165368041"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106610","display_name":"National University Hospital of Iceland","ror":"https://ror.org/011k7k191","country_code":"IS","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106610"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorarinn Gislason","raw_affiliation_strings":["Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland","University of Iceland","Department of Sleep, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106610"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165368041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sleep, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106610"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058717789","display_name":"Mohammed Al Ghobain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-0407","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-0407"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095597","display_name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/009p8zv69","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Al Ghobain","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre","King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","Department of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110605986","display_name":"M. El Biaze","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed El Biaze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohammed Ben Abdellah University","aa Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohammed Ben Abdellah University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"aa Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112864540","display_name":"Dhiraj Motilal Agarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-9309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-9309"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhiraj Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["KEM Hospital Research Centre","bb Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KEM Hospital Research Centre","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"bb Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005436962","display_name":"Sanjay Kamlakar Juvekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-6924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-6924"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Juvekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["KEM Hospital Research Centre","bb Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KEM Hospital Research Centre","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"bb Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070631762","display_name":"F\u00e1tima Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-2878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-2878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114390","display_name":"Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/020sr6z07","country_code":"PT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114390","https://openalex.org/I4405255475"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268612","display_name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA","ror":"https://ror.org/01hkg7p16","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268612"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte","Lisbon University","Institute of Environmental Health, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal","cc Institute of Environmental Health, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lisbon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Health, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4405268612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"cc Institute of Environmental Health, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4405268612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040005114","display_name":"Daniel Obaseki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-7526","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-7526"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13144388","display_name":"Ekiti State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4zkr79","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13144388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28653996","display_name":"Adekunle Ajasin University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e27p903","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28653996"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154411","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex","ror":"https://ror.org/05bkbs460","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["CA","NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel O Obaseki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex","University of British Columbia","Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Osun, Nigeria","dd Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13144388","https://openalex.org/I28653996","https://openalex.org/I4210154411","https://openalex.org/I45711476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Osun, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154411","https://openalex.org/I45711476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"dd Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091606786","display_name":"Parvaiz Ahmad Koul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1700-9285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1700-9285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206040828","display_name":"Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd3wz76","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206040828"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parvaiz A. Koul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences","ee Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206040828"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ee Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206040828"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088369456","display_name":"Imed Harrabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0743-160X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0743-160X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8636806","display_name":"University of Sousse","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmpgj58","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imed Harrabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sousse","ff Ibn El Jazzar Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sousse","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ff Ibn El Jazzar Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091153225","display_name":"Asaad Ahmed Nafees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8174-1625","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8174-1625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129917","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwrqj12","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}],"countries":["PK","TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asaad A Nafees","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Aga Khan University","gg Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Aga Khan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"gg Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079665141","display_name":"Terence Seemungal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-6724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-6724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088717","display_name":"University of the West Indies","ror":"https://ror.org/003kgv736","country_code":"TT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137799390","https://openalex.org/I4210088717"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129319","display_name":"University of the West Indies","ror":"https://ror.org/03fkc8c64","country_code":"JM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137799390","https://openalex.org/I4210129319"]}],"countries":["JM","TT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terence Seemungal","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of The West Indies","hh Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of The West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of The West Indies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088717","https://openalex.org/I4210129319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"hh Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of The West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046972409","display_name":"Christer Janson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-6980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-6980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christer Janson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uppsala University","ii Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ii Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021911687","display_name":"William M. Vollmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-323X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-323X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114677","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/028gzjv13","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199","https://openalex.org/I4210114677"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William M Vollmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research","jj Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114677"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"jj Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114677"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050880730","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 F.S. Amaral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-9449","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-9449"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109636","display_name":"NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01kmhx639","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34931013","https://openalex.org/I4210109636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre FS Amaral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London","NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre","National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK","kk NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-9449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"kk NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113728556","display_name":"A. Sonia Buist","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Sonia Buist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon Health and Science University","ll Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Health and Science University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ll Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":22,"institutions_distinct_count":41,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044492838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7317,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85955237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"2430491","last_page":"2430491"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-function","display_name":"lung function","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-vital-capacity","display_name":"forced vital capacity","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fev1-fvc-ratio","display_name":"FEV1/FVC ratio","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-variation","display_name":"regional variation","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-values","display_name":"reference values","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spirometry","display_name":"spirometry","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.9319999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7969015836715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55520419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660995","display_name":"Vital capacity","level":5,"score":0.7289144992828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780333948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653305","display_name":"Spirometry","level":3,"score":0.7219511270523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5933220982551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.4779224991798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75603125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1877462","display_name":"Pulmonary function testing","level":2,"score":0.4219602346420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung function","level":3,"score":0.36312955617904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3545382618904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.2639329433441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.20329511165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.06557270884513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165637977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11067835","display_name":"Diffusing capacity","level":4,"score":0.06369152665138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005541","descriptor_name":"Forced Expiratory Volume","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013147","descriptor_name":"Spirometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014797","descriptor_name":"Vital Capacity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":14,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898275119","display_name":"Pulmonology","issn_l":"2531-0429","issn":["2531-0429","2531-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11627206","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11627206","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11627206/pdf/TPUL_31_2430491.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39641354","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39641354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/8ee0ee59-9d8e-4dcd-b9d5-bae9fe1790c1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/8ee0ee59-9d8e-4dcd-b9d5-bae9fe1790c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opinvisindi.is:20.500.11815/5303","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401866","display_name":"Opin v\u00edsindi (Opin v\u00edsindi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"/dk/atira/pure/researchoutput/researchoutputtypes/contributiontojournal/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opinvisindi.is:20.500.11815/7659","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/7659","pdf_url":"https://opinvisindi.is/bitstreams/be2d0bee-6e03-4510-a74c-55bd1c016917/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401866","display_name":"Opin v\u00edsindi (Opin v\u00edsindi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"/dk/atira/pure/researchoutput/researchoutputtypes/contributiontojournal/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/377540","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/377540","pdf_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/81294a9e-65f2-42dc-a033-d177d452147c/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.aku.edu:pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs-2207","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs/1208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196301","display_name":"eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","host_organization_name":"Aga Khan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Community Health Sciences","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-546210","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1924992/FULLTEXT01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402042","display_name":"Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","host_organization_name":"Uppsala University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2b5ddc25ecab42ad9268fb24f29c03d5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2b5ddc25ecab42ad9268fb24f29c03d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology, Vol 31, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/28071653","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Geographical_variation_in_lung_function_results_from_the_multicentric_cross-sectional_BOLD_study/28071653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/18001","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/18001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ulisboa.pt:10400.5/98322","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/98322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:run.unl.pt:10362/176787","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85211830644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25310429.2024.2430491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898275119","display_name":"Pulmonology","issn_l":"2531-0429","issn":["2531-0429","2531-0437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pulmonology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1657756116","display_name":"Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) Global coordinating centre.","funder_award_id":"085790/Z/08/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307765","display_name":"Pfizer","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdqrp08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307770","display_name":"AstraZeneca","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9x1a08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307773","display_name":"GlaxoSmithKline","ror":"https://ror.org/01xsqw823"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309871","display_name":"Air Liquide","ror":"https://ror.org/0431b2v07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311429","display_name":"Guangzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zat6v61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318487","display_name":"Chest Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05d5w5z02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319949","display_name":"International Development Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0445x0472"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320391","display_name":"Pfizer Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/042pnza07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320565","display_name":"GlaxoSmithKline Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/0108bjm70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320672","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320693","display_name":"South African Thoracic Society","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzdnj79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322367","display_name":"Landsp\u00edtali H\u00e1sk\u00f3lasj\u00fakrah\u00fas","ror":"https://ror.org/011k7k191"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323326","display_name":"Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2yqf98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327318","display_name":"Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversit\u00e4t","ror":"https://ror.org/03z3mg085"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328295","display_name":"AstraZeneca Pharma Poland","ror":"https://ror.org/04gdybn86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8145609124","display_name":"Policy Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1891804292","https://openalex.org/W2041870288","https://openalex.org/W2076757361","https://openalex.org/W2099449365","https://openalex.org/W2106819381","https://openalex.org/W2108678383","https://openalex.org/W2136902742","https://openalex.org/W2145964444","https://openalex.org/W2166635607","https://openalex.org/W2166841037","https://openalex.org/W2171240294","https://openalex.org/W2197553214","https://openalex.org/W2332508693","https://openalex.org/W2994597783","https://openalex.org/W3161697888","https://openalex.org/W3195987013","https://openalex.org/W3201694934","https://openalex.org/W3202331063","https://openalex.org/W4200244173","https://openalex.org/W4226037600","https://openalex.org/W4309161951","https://openalex.org/W4360989948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989671551","https://openalex.org/W2104222371","https://openalex.org/W2129863484","https://openalex.org/W2019575516","https://openalex.org/W21327877","https://openalex.org/W1642471778","https://openalex.org/W2095627509","https://openalex.org/W1991346807","https://openalex.org/W2369593036","https://openalex.org/W2097257698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spirometry":[0],"is":[1,6,13,244],"used":[2],"to":[3,21,40,194,206],"determine":[4],"what":[5,12],"\u201cunusual\u201d":[7],"lung":[8],"function":[9],"compared":[10],"with":[11,84,96,232],"\u201cusual\u201d":[14],"for":[15,102,120,177,214,223,247],"healthy":[16],"non-smokers.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"aimed":[20],"investigate":[22],"regional":[23],"variation":[24,173,183],"in":[25,32,37,174,184,190,197,202,209,218],"the":[26,33,52,157,164,168,175,185,191,203,212,219,248],"forced":[27,34],"vital":[28],"capacity":[29],"(FVC)":[30],"and":[31,74,99,104,112,114,118,123,135,142,153,162,211,221,235,239],"expiratory":[35],"volume":[36],"one":[38],"second":[39],"FVC":[41,95,108,231],"ratio":[42],"(FEV1/FVC)":[43],"using":[44],"cross-sectional":[45],"data":[46],"from":[47],"all":[48],"41":[49],"sites":[50],"of":[51,55,230],"multinational":[53],"Burden":[54],"Obstructive":[56],"Lung":[57],"Disease":[58],"study.":[59],"Participants":[60],"(5,368":[61],"men;":[62],"9,649":[63],"women),":[64],"aged":[65],"\u226540":[66],"years,":[67],"had":[68,71],"performed":[69],"spirometry,":[70],"never":[72],"smoked":[73],"reported":[75],"no":[76],"respiratory":[77],"symptoms":[78],"or":[79,179],"diagnoses.":[80],"To":[81],"identify":[82],"regions":[83],"similar":[85],"FVC,":[86,169],"we":[87],"conducted":[88],"a":[89],"principal":[90],"component":[91],"analysis":[92],"(PCA)":[93],"on":[94],"age,":[97,110,178,233],"age2":[98,111],"height2,":[100,113,119],"separately":[101],"men":[103],"women.":[105],"We":[106],"regressed":[107],"against":[109,116],"FEV1/FVC":[115,224,249],"age":[117,129],"each":[121],"sex":[122,234],"site,":[124],"stratified":[125],"by":[126],"region.":[127],"Mean":[128],"was":[130,138,171],"54":[131],"years":[132],"(both":[133],"sexes),":[134],"mean":[136],"height":[137,236],"1.69":[139],"m":[140,144],"(men)":[141],"1.61":[143],"(women).":[145],"The":[146,228,242],"PCA":[147],"suggested":[148],"four":[149],"regions:":[150],"1)":[151],"Europe":[152],"richer":[154],"countries;":[155],"2)":[156],"Near":[158],"East;":[159],"3)":[160],"Africa;":[161],"4)":[163],"Far":[165,192,204],"East.":[166],"For":[167],"there":[170],"little":[172],"coefficients":[176,222],"age2,":[180],"but":[181],"considerable":[182],"constant":[186,220],"(men:":[187],"2.97":[188],"L":[189,196,201,208],"East":[193,205],"4.08":[195],"Europe;":[198],"women:":[199],"2.44":[200],"3.24":[207],"Europe)":[210],"coefficient":[213],"height2.":[215],"Regional":[216],"differences":[217],"were":[225],"minimal":[226],"(<1%).":[227],"relation":[229],"varies":[237],"across":[238],"within":[240],"regions.":[241],"same":[243],"not":[245],"true":[246],"ratio.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2024-12-07T00:00:00"}
