{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405111661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120803","title":"A Comparison of the Electrical Properties of Gel Polymer Electrolyte-Based Supercapacitors: A Review of Advances in Electrolyte Materials","display_name":"A Comparison of the Electrical Properties of Gel Polymer Electrolyte-Based Supercapacitors: A Review of Advances in Electrolyte Materials","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405111661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120803","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39727559","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11675368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels10120803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120803","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070473020","display_name":"Ghobad Behzadi Pour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-5811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-5811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386770","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03hgcc197","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4403386770"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghobad Behzadi Pour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1866113118, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-5811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1866113118, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4403386770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016432563","display_name":"Hamed Nazarpour\u2010Fard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7177-8977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7177-8977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3123046734","display_name":"Lorestan University","ror":"https://ror.org/051bats05","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Nazarpour Fard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoram-Abad 6815144316, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoram-Abad 6815144316, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072940637","display_name":"Leila Fekri Aval","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4185-9594","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4185-9594"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leila Fekri Aval","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantum Technologies Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic, Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4185-9594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Technologies Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic, Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070473020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4403386770"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":0.7264,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62004175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"12","first_page":"803","last_page":"803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10179","display_name":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10179","display_name":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10281","display_name":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","score":0.018400000408291817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gel-polymer-electrolyte","display_name":"gel polymer electrolyte","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercapacitors","display_name":"supercapacitors","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionic-liquids","display_name":"ionic liquids","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-electrolytes","display_name":"solid electrolytes","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-supercapacitors","display_name":"flexible supercapacitors","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionic-conductivity","display_name":"ionic conductivity","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-capacitance","display_name":"specific capacitance","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-density","display_name":"energy density","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-density","display_name":"power density","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"energy storage","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6585489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754523","display_name":"Supercapacitor","level":4,"score":0.9592381119728088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7535996437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.7473670244216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.6568515300750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.6095588803291321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5949105024337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138679309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6063658","display_name":"Ionic conductivity","level":4,"score":0.569338321685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21881925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503313","display_name":"Power density","level":3,"score":0.43402034044265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.4161854684352875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109883240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672053","display_name":"Fast ion conductor","level":4,"score":0.41535547375679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.16780278086662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10839486122131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05000033974647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.04992860555648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels10120803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11675368","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11675368","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11675368/pdf/gels-10-00803.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39727559","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39727559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:25bbf2be2b9a4c059123c2daeaf56e63","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/25bbf2be2b9a4c059123c2daeaf56e63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gels, Vol 10, Iss 12, p 803 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels10120803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321389","display_name":"Islamic Azad University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405111661.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405111661.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1900884850","https://openalex.org/W1979847496","https://openalex.org/W2032806827","https://openalex.org/W2033294406","https://openalex.org/W2074552420","https://openalex.org/W2093386441","https://openalex.org/W2300122994","https://openalex.org/W2552017708","https://openalex.org/W2793625040","https://openalex.org/W2804517367","https://openalex.org/W2807313584","https://openalex.org/W2903001958","https://openalex.org/W2908669474","https://openalex.org/W2913721522","https://openalex.org/W2921720738","https://openalex.org/W2938200034","https://openalex.org/W2940492726","https://openalex.org/W2943172936","https://openalex.org/W2943766612","https://openalex.org/W2945147769","https://openalex.org/W2964892676","https://openalex.org/W2974684374","https://openalex.org/W2986785480","https://openalex.org/W2991261259","https://openalex.org/W2991726316","https://openalex.org/W3005947242","https://openalex.org/W3016047350","https://openalex.org/W3016081306","https://openalex.org/W3017219009","https://openalex.org/W3043779283","https://openalex.org/W3044207317","https://openalex.org/W3044869885","https://openalex.org/W3091603987","https://openalex.org/W3120232483","https://openalex.org/W3121533998","https://openalex.org/W3121633071","https://openalex.org/W3150773457","https://openalex.org/W3161609045","https://openalex.org/W3162394257","https://openalex.org/W3192374403","https://openalex.org/W3192680456","https://openalex.org/W3196682199","https://openalex.org/W3197384474","https://openalex.org/W3197711378","https://openalex.org/W3205232174","https://openalex.org/W4214508638","https://openalex.org/W4214619133","https://openalex.org/W4224277771","https://openalex.org/W4229025808","https://openalex.org/W4292571988","https://openalex.org/W4292695084","https://openalex.org/W4293315240","https://openalex.org/W4309636091","https://openalex.org/W4318206214","https://openalex.org/W4320717668","https://openalex.org/W4320732442","https://openalex.org/W4321215116","https://openalex.org/W4327616136","https://openalex.org/W4380629724","https://openalex.org/W4384030515","https://openalex.org/W4385949108","https://openalex.org/W4386590048","https://openalex.org/W4387044137","https://openalex.org/W4388468180","https://openalex.org/W4389455255","https://openalex.org/W4389704951","https://openalex.org/W4389889379","https://openalex.org/W4390651672","https://openalex.org/W4390754015","https://openalex.org/W4391553377","https://openalex.org/W4391817577","https://openalex.org/W4392080700","https://openalex.org/W4392170167","https://openalex.org/W4392528651","https://openalex.org/W4392602107","https://openalex.org/W4393120325","https://openalex.org/W4394996652","https://openalex.org/W4395667198","https://openalex.org/W4396855427","https://openalex.org/W4396955432","https://openalex.org/W4399731735","https://openalex.org/W4399888215","https://openalex.org/W4400774398","https://openalex.org/W4401241922","https://openalex.org/W4401244375","https://openalex.org/W4401434636","https://openalex.org/W4401556610","https://openalex.org/W4403063009","https://openalex.org/W4403730639","https://openalex.org/W4404065952","https://openalex.org/W4404937421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405233162","https://openalex.org/W4229458035","https://openalex.org/W2795130082","https://openalex.org/W4220909365","https://openalex.org/W2986785480","https://openalex.org/W3123150296","https://openalex.org/W4401926852","https://openalex.org/W4385242179","https://openalex.org/W3192374403","https://openalex.org/W3126841705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flexible":[0],"solid-state-based":[1],"supercapacitors":[2,81,113,129],"are":[3,38,98],"in":[4,11,40,88,132],"demand":[5],"for":[6,101,178],"the":[7,41,73,127,137,156,188],"soft":[8],"components":[9],"used":[10,108],"electronics.":[12],"The":[13,168],"increased":[14],"attention":[15],"paid":[16],"toward":[17],"solid-state":[18],"electrolytes":[19,36],"could":[20,182],"be":[21,107,162],"due":[22,114],"to":[23,47,109,115,161],"their":[24,48,61,116],"advantages,":[25],"including":[26],"no":[27],"leakage,":[28,52],"special":[29],"separators,":[30],"and":[31,53,76,82,105,119,155,181],"improved":[32],"safety.":[33],"Gel":[34],"polymer":[35],"(GPEs)":[37],"preferred":[39],"energy":[42,92,103,148],"storage":[43,104],"field,":[44],"likely":[45],"owing":[46],"safety,":[49],"lack":[50],"of":[51,78,91,126,135,139,170,187,190],"compatibility":[54],"with":[55],"various":[56],"separators":[57],"as":[58,60,174],"well":[59],"higher":[62],"ionic":[63],"conductivity":[64],"(IC)":[65],"than":[66,164],"traditional":[67],"solid":[68],"electrolytes.":[69],"This":[70],"review":[71],"covers":[72],"classification,":[74],"properties,":[75],"configurations":[77],"different":[79],"GPE-based":[80],"recent":[83],"advancements":[84],"that":[85,131],"have":[86],"occurred":[87],"this":[89,171],"area":[90],"storage.":[93],"Ionic":[94],"liquid":[95],"(IL)-based":[96],"materials":[97],"popular":[99],"GPEs":[100],"electrochemical":[102],"can":[106],"prepare":[110],"unprecedented":[111],"flexible":[112],"great":[117],"IC":[118],"wide":[120],"potential":[121],"range.":[122],"A":[123],"comparative":[124],"assessment":[125],"GPEs-based":[128],"reveals":[130],"a":[133],"majority":[134],"them,":[136],"value":[138],"specific":[140],"capacitance":[141],"is":[142,159],"generally":[143],"under":[144],"1000":[145],"F":[146],"g\u22121,":[147],"density":[149,158],"reaches":[150],"around":[151],"125":[152],"Wh":[153],"kg\u22121,":[154],"power":[157],"seen":[160],"less":[163],"1500":[165],"W":[166],"kg\u22121.":[167],"results":[169],"research":[172],"serve":[173],"an":[175],"essential":[176],"reference":[177],"upcoming":[179],"scholars,":[180],"significantly":[183],"improve":[184],"our":[185],"comprehension":[186],"efficacy":[189],"GPE-containing":[191],"supercapacitors.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-12-07T00:00:00"}