{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404952295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jerm.2024.3507005","title":"Dynamic Electromagnetic Model to Detect Human Vital Signs Based on Time-Domain Finite Integration Theorem","display_name":"Dynamic Electromagnetic Model to Detect Human Vital Signs Based on Time-Domain Finite Integration Theorem","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404952295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jerm.2024.3507005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jerm.2024.3507005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jerm.2024.3507005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jerm.2024.3507005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194209","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"2469-7249","issn":["2469-7249","2469-7257"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073516436","display_name":"Xinyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6225-3263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6225-3263"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768253","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1v5910","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6225-3263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639612","display_name":"Jingyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8530-8445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8530-8445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768253","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1v5910","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029448770","display_name":"Zixuan Cai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768253","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1v5910","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109633707","display_name":"Xiong Wei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2809-2755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2809-2755","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9726-4279"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768253","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1v5910","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong Wei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qiaocong Peng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768253","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1v5910","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaocong Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086320668","display_name":"Qian Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4662-8667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4662-8667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768253","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1v5910","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4662-8667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009075976","display_name":"Jian Wei You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-9507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-9507","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4977-7461"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768253","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1v5910","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wei You","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-9507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009237669","display_name":"Tie Jun Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768253","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1v5910","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie Jun Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768253","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2495,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2495},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56099326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"240","last_page":"250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-scattering","display_name":"electromagnetic scattering","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate-estimation","display_name":"respiratory rate estimation","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-estimation","display_name":"heart rate estimation","score":0.8939999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48351719975471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4535539746284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4437779188156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2835928499698639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2522413730621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1531117558479309}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jerm.2024.3507005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jerm.2024.3507005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jerm.2024.3507005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194209","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"2469-7249","issn":["2469-7249","2469-7257"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1285753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1644299733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G221738148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"111\u20102\u201005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2394950313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62288101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2484469628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20210209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3090670750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G348540970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024M750418","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4085363274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242023K-5002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6134036432","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20230820","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6514431851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968907233","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2026132176","https://openalex.org/W2045494488","https://openalex.org/W2091950596","https://openalex.org/W2116225395","https://openalex.org/W2142063750","https://openalex.org/W2560785538","https://openalex.org/W2745360823","https://openalex.org/W2766961233","https://openalex.org/W2775385549","https://openalex.org/W2789855815","https://openalex.org/W2794413698","https://openalex.org/W2805792492","https://openalex.org/W2901195222","https://openalex.org/W2968517632","https://openalex.org/W3083015740","https://openalex.org/W3097797951","https://openalex.org/W3111454132","https://openalex.org/W3164159154","https://openalex.org/W3205393884","https://openalex.org/W3206024177","https://openalex.org/W3208217615","https://openalex.org/W4206913590","https://openalex.org/W4310054993","https://openalex.org/W4396886565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contactless":[0],"human":[1,62,79,112,126,133,159,176],"vital-sign":[2,160],"sensing":[3,200],"using":[4],"electromagnetic":[5],"(EM)":[6],"waves":[7],"has":[8],"made":[9],"significant":[10],"progress":[11],"over":[12],"the":[13,33,75,88,98,106,121,124,131,143,167,174,184],"past":[14],"few":[15],"years":[16],"and":[17,30,52,82,138,148,169,188],"been":[18],"practically":[19],"applicable":[20],"to":[21,73,156],"a":[22,60],"variety":[23],"of":[24,36,47,66,78,123,181,197],"fields":[25],"such":[26,43],"as":[27,44],"smart":[28],"home":[29],"healthcare.":[31],"However,":[32],"further":[34],"development":[35],"this":[37,58],"technology":[38],"is":[39,71,93,179],"hindered":[40],"by":[41,87,96],"factors":[42],"large":[45],"volumes":[46],"data,":[48],"long":[49],"observation":[50],"periods,":[51],"data":[53],"variability.":[54],"To":[55,119],"deal":[56],"with":[57,111,142],"challenge,":[59],"dynamic":[61],"EM":[63,69,91,107,127,177],"model":[64,178],"composed":[65],"customized":[67],"time-varying":[68],"materials":[70],"proposed":[72,125,175],"simulate":[74],"periodic":[76,185],"characteristics":[77],"cardiopulmonary":[80,113,186],"motions":[81,187],"obtain":[83],"physiological":[84,134,192],"signals":[85,135,161],"caused":[86],"movements.":[89],"The":[90],"problem":[92],"subsequently":[94],"addressed":[95],"employing":[97],"Time-Domain":[99],"Finite":[100],"Integration":[101],"Technique":[102],"(TDFIT),":[103],"so":[104],"that":[105,173],"scattering":[108],"properties":[109],"associated":[110],"movements":[114],"can":[115],"be":[116],"accurately":[117,182],"analyzed.":[118],"validate":[120],"effectiveness":[122],"model,":[128],"we":[129],"process":[130],"simulated":[132,170,191],"for":[136,162,194],"respiration":[137],"heartbeat":[139],"rate":[140],"estimation,":[141],"error":[144],"less":[145],"than":[146],"4%":[147],"8%,":[149],"respectively.":[150],"Furthermore,":[151],"measured":[152,168],"experiments":[153],"are":[154],"conducted":[155],"collected":[157],"actual":[158],"comparison.":[163],"Good":[164],"agreement":[165],"between":[166],"results":[171],"demonstrates":[172],"capable":[180],"simulating":[183],"thus":[189],"providing":[190],"measurements":[193],"preliminary":[195],"validation":[196],"vital":[198],"sign":[199],"algorithms.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}