{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404859632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37284/ijar.7.1.2466","title":"Land Use and Land Cover Change in the Urban Landscape of Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)","display_name":"Land Use and Land Cover Change in the Urban Landscape of Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404859632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37284/ijar.7.1.2466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37284/ijar.7.1.2466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37284/ijar.7.1.2466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijar.7.1.2466","pdf_url":"https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/ijar/article/download/2466/3130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194046","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","issn_l":"2707-7802","issn":["2707-7802","2707-7810"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/ijar/article/download/2466/3130","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106413909","display_name":"Kakule Muleverwa Simeon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261061","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Officielle de Ruwenzori","ror":"https://ror.org/04pwa0879","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261061"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kakule Muleverwa Simeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Officielle de Ruwenzori"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Officielle de Ruwenzori","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073101193","display_name":"Alphonse Kalambulwa Nkombe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-9980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-9980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134231150","display_name":"University of Lubumbashi","ror":"https://ror.org/01mn7k054","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134231150"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalambulwa Nkombe Alphonse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lubumbashi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lubumbashi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134231150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093273306","display_name":"Tr\u00e9sor Mbavumoja Selemani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6930-6176","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6930-6176"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256923","display_name":"Ecole R\u00e9gionale Postuniversitaire d\u2019Am\u00e9nagement et de Gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9s des For\u00eats et Territoires tropicaux","ror":"https://ror.org/04p7dfs72","country_code":"CD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I1293226324","https://openalex.org/I2801247003","https://openalex.org/I4405256923"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mbavumoja Selemani Tr\u00e9sor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Post-Graduate Training School on Integrated Management of Tropical Forests and Lands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Post-Graduate Training School on Integrated Management of Tropical Forests and Lands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114885954","display_name":"Teteli Soloum Cl\u00e9ment","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5714-2144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5714-2144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113655","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Parakou","ror":"https://ror.org/025wndx93","country_code":"BJ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113655"]}],"countries":["BJ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teteli Soloum Cl\u00e9ment","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Parakou"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Parakou","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107457836","display_name":"S\u00e8djro David Igor Thierry K\u00e9vin Ahouandjinou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5074-1526","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5074-1526"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256923","display_name":"Ecole R\u00e9gionale Postuniversitaire d\u2019Am\u00e9nagement et de Gestion int\u00e9gr\u00e9s des For\u00eats et Territoires tropicaux","ror":"https://ror.org/04p7dfs72","country_code":"CD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I1293226324","https://openalex.org/I2801247003","https://openalex.org/I4405256923"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahouandjinou S\u00e8djro David Igor Thierry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Post-Graduate Training School on Integrated Management of Tropical Forests and Lands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Post-Graduate Training School on Integrated Management of Tropical Forests and Lands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002015756","display_name":"Alo\u00efse Bitagirwa Ndele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-7709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-7709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124924","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Bukavu","ror":"https://ror.org/03cg80535","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124924"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bitagirwa Ndele Alo\u00efse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Bukavu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Bukavu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113142627","display_name":"Mumba Tshanika Urbain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134231150","display_name":"University of Lubumbashi","ror":"https://ror.org/01mn7k054","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134231150"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mumba Tshanika Urbain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lubumbashi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lubumbashi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134231150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114885956","display_name":"Lobho Lopa Joel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3306-8727","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3306-8727"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lobho Lopa Joel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Sup\u00e9rieur P\u00e9dagogique de Bunia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur P\u00e9dagogique de Bunia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061994623","display_name":"Ez\u00e9chiel Mumbere Sabai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138119","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 libre des Pays des Grands Lacs","ror":"https://ror.org/04700yz30","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138119"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mumbere Sabai Ez\u00e9chiel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Libre de Grands-Lacs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Grands-Lacs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138119"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034585982","display_name":"Sylvestre Cabala Kaleba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134231150","display_name":"University of Lubumbashi","ror":"https://ror.org/01mn7k054","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134231150"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cabala Kaleba Sylvestre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lubumbashi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lubumbashi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134231150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1943,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73891892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"386","last_page":"402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.09300000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-and-land-cover-change","display_name":"land use and land cover change","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"urban expansion","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butembo","display_name":"Butembo","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-loss","display_name":"forest loss","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-fragmentation","display_name":"landscape fragmentation","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/built-up-areas","display_name":"built-up areas","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-expansion","display_name":"agricultural expansion","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-services","display_name":"ecosystem services","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-land-use-planning","display_name":"urban land use planning","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landsat-time-series","display_name":"Landsat time series","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6444265842437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6346691250801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5711105465888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5692480206489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.45068472623825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994309752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1935974","display_name":"Urban landscape","level":2,"score":0.41661468148231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3216543197631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28260496258735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.16692695021629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.16382566094398499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08060109615325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.058985114097595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.045852869749069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37284/ijar.7.1.2466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37284/ijar.7.1.2466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijar.7.1.2466","pdf_url":"https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/ijar/article/download/2466/3130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194046","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","issn_l":"2707-7802","issn":["2707-7802","2707-7810"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37284/ijar.7.1.2466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37284/ijar.7.1.2466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijar.7.1.2466","pdf_url":"https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/ijar/article/download/2466/3130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194046","display_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","issn_l":"2707-7802","issn":["2707-7802","2707-7810"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.9333000183105469,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404859632.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404859632.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037828592","https://openalex.org/W2044718265","https://openalex.org/W2080661018","https://openalex.org/W2146884399","https://openalex.org/W2785430398","https://openalex.org/W2793327769","https://openalex.org/W3024860805","https://openalex.org/W3203391155","https://openalex.org/W3204790126","https://openalex.org/W4214620254","https://openalex.org/W4366829190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7211901320","https://openalex.org/W4413239433","https://openalex.org/W4403933688","https://openalex.org/W4281288089","https://openalex.org/W4416055324","https://openalex.org/W4405980241","https://openalex.org/W4392395351","https://openalex.org/W7170186974","https://openalex.org/W6958723178","https://openalex.org/W4400474721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19,59,90,167],"expansion":[1],"of":[2,21,34,51,57,108,151,159,180,197],"built-up":[3,124,162],"areas":[4,26,135],"driven":[5],"by":[6,39,146],"a":[7,12,64,99,130],"significant":[8],"demographic":[9],"explosion":[10],"is":[11],"critical":[13],"issue":[14],"for":[15,188,193],"urban":[16,25,43],"land-use":[17,191],"planning.":[18],"conversion":[20],"rural":[22],"land":[23,52,81,96],"to":[24,67,79],"and":[27,36,88,106,114,126,149,157,164,199],"other":[28],"uses":[29],"significantly":[30],"impacts":[31],"the":[32,48,55,71,138,147,155,171,178,186,194],"range":[33],"products":[35],"services":[37],"provided":[38],"natural":[40,201],"ecosystems":[41],"in":[42,54,95,170],"environments.":[44],"This":[45],"study":[46],"examines":[47],"spatial-temporal":[49],"dynamics":[50,142],"use":[53],"city":[56],"Butembo.":[58],"Radom":[60],"Forest":[61],"model":[62],"with":[63,133],"supervised":[65],"approach":[66],"Landsat":[68],"images":[69],"on":[70],"Google":[72],"Earth":[73],"Engine":[74],"(GEE)":[75],"platform":[76],"was":[77],"applied":[78],"characterize":[80],"cover":[82,97],"across":[83],"three":[84],"dates":[85],"(2003,":[86],"2013":[87],"2023).":[89],"results":[91],"reveal":[92],"pronounced":[93],"changes":[94],"over":[98,137,175],"20-year":[100],"period.":[101,140],"Dense":[102],"forests":[103],"lost":[104],"39.16%":[105],"28.76%":[107],"their":[109],"total":[110],"area":[111],"between":[112],"2003":[113],"2023,":[115],"respectively.":[116],"Conversely,":[117],"anthropized":[118],"classes,":[119,153],"such":[120],"as":[121],"agricultural":[122,160],"lands,":[123,161],"areas,":[125,163],"bare":[127,165],"soil,":[128],"experienced":[129],"dramatic":[131],"expansion,":[132],"covered":[134],"doubling":[136],"same":[139],"Landscape":[141],"are":[143],"primarily":[144],"characterized":[145],"fragmentation":[148],"reduction":[150],"forest":[152],"alongside":[154],"aggregation":[156],"creation":[158],"soil.":[166],"progressive":[168],"increase":[169],"landscape":[172],"disturbance":[173],"index":[174],"time":[176],"indicates":[177],"anthropization":[179],"Butembo's":[181],"landscape.":[182],"These":[183],"findings":[184],"highlight":[185],"need":[187],"an":[189],"integrated":[190],"plan":[192],"sustainable":[195],"management":[196],"Butembo":[198],"its":[200],"resources":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-11-30T00:00:00"}
