{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404820366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81072-z","title":"Impact of gibberellic acid GA3, quantum dot biochar, and rhizosphere bacteria on fenugreek plant growth and stress responses under lead stress","display_name":"Impact of gibberellic acid GA3, quantum dot biochar, and rhizosphere bacteria on fenugreek plant growth and stress responses under lead stress","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404820366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81072-z","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39609486","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11604958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-024-81072-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81072-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81072-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-81072-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-81072-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049710981","display_name":"Muhammad Asif Shahzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-1777","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-1777"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Aqeel Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Botany Department, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Botany Department, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050621950","display_name":"Uzma Younis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uzma Younis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Botany Department, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan. uzma.younis@iub.edu.pk","Botany Department, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Botany Department, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan. uzma.younis@iub.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Botany Department, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040267560","display_name":"Abdullah Ehsan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Ehsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan. abdullahehsanbzu1@gmail.com","Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan. abdullahehsanbzu1@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103058204","display_name":"Abdullah A. Alarfaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3062-2241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3062-2241","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-4679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah A. Alarfaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012969367","display_name":"Sulaiman Ali Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-2746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-2746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sulaiman Ali Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103594846","display_name":"Mohammad Javed Ansari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139858224","display_name":"M.J.P. Rohilkhand University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3nay30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139858224"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Javed Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, 244001, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, 244001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139858224"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040267560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"fwci":1.4521,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78854043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"29612","last_page":"29612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.4311999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.4311999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10076","display_name":"Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity","score":0.2863999903202057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.14970000088214874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-stress","display_name":"lead stress","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fenugreek","display_name":"fenugreek","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gibberellic-acid","display_name":"gibberellic acid","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhizosphere-bacteria","display_name":"rhizosphere bacteria","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-promotion","display_name":"plant growth promotion","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-stress","display_name":"heavy metal stress","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-enzymes","display_name":"antioxidant enzymes","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll-content","display_name":"chlorophyll content","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-stress-tolerance","display_name":"plant stress tolerance","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar-nanoparticles","display_name":"biochar nanoparticles","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induced-systemic-resistance","display_name":"induced systemic resistance","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-hormones","display_name":"plant hormones","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-amendment","display_name":"soil amendment","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-and-shoot-biomass","display_name":"root and shoot biomass","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-salinity-stress","display_name":"soil salinity stress","score":0.3449999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777970491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411138","display_name":"Gibberellic acid","level":3,"score":0.8260031938552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1422475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7320735","display_name":"Rhizobacteria","level":4,"score":0.8076913356781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86626682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124578","display_name":"Rhizosphere","level":3,"score":0.7552005052566528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.723654568195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157517311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167980","display_name":"Transpiration","level":3,"score":0.5492057204246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.48483192920684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7618701","display_name":"Stomatal conductance","level":3,"score":0.4431948959827423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21410773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220869","display_name":"Shoot","level":2,"score":0.4152672290802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.41206637024879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4061586260795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.38786715269088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3834327459335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.38215339183807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3756418228149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.2937723696231842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002606","descriptor_name":"Charcoal","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005875","descriptor_name":"Gibberellins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005875","descriptor_name":"Gibberellins","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007854","descriptor_name":"Lead","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007854","descriptor_name":"Lead","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010937","descriptor_name":"Plant Growth Regulators","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010937","descriptor_name":"Plant Growth Regulators","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012988","descriptor_name":"Soil Microbiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013312","descriptor_name":"Stress, Physiological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018517","descriptor_name":"Plant Roots","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018517","descriptor_name":"Plant Roots","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018517","descriptor_name":"Plant Roots","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029910","descriptor_name":"Trigonella","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029910","descriptor_name":"Trigonella","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045663","descriptor_name":"Quantum Dots","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058441","descriptor_name":"Rhizosphere","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-024-81072-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81072-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81072-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-81072-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11604958","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11604958","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11604958/pdf/41598_2024_Article_81072.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39609486","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39609486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b41cadaf4c14ce9a55f7cd247337e55","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b41cadaf4c14ce9a55f7cd247337e55","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-024-81072-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81072-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81072-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-81072-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G240503084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2024R98","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5634701351","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2024R385","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404820366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404820366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191793640","https://openalex.org/W1235009914","https://openalex.org/W1550918981","https://openalex.org/W1974907033","https://openalex.org/W2002792387","https://openalex.org/W2035166621","https://openalex.org/W2036003376","https://openalex.org/W2051352026","https://openalex.org/W2062537042","https://openalex.org/W2081822678","https://openalex.org/W2159562617","https://openalex.org/W2180637001","https://openalex.org/W2590315510","https://openalex.org/W2955942968","https://openalex.org/W3011316146","https://openalex.org/W3023266380","https://openalex.org/W3043132831","https://openalex.org/W3044819737","https://openalex.org/W3098352861","https://openalex.org/W3168804489","https://openalex.org/W3171851229","https://openalex.org/W3189863861","https://openalex.org/W3199677652","https://openalex.org/W3202771504","https://openalex.org/W4220735845","https://openalex.org/W4230574715","https://openalex.org/W4234719444","https://openalex.org/W4251555200","https://openalex.org/W4285153381","https://openalex.org/W4285605681","https://openalex.org/W4296311639","https://openalex.org/W4302424818","https://openalex.org/W4313375079","https://openalex.org/W4360858906","https://openalex.org/W4366384333","https://openalex.org/W4380870334","https://openalex.org/W4384067512","https://openalex.org/W4387958394","https://openalex.org/W4388996614","https://openalex.org/W4389346189","https://openalex.org/W4389408507","https://openalex.org/W4392680492","https://openalex.org/W4392939103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399219171","https://openalex.org/W3211862840","https://openalex.org/W7116662145","https://openalex.org/W4407606696","https://openalex.org/W7204167481","https://openalex.org/W4384695477","https://openalex.org/W3136166893","https://openalex.org/W2733115123","https://openalex.org/W2900140242","https://openalex.org/W4390430281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lead":[0],"(Pb)":[1],"is":[2,48],"a":[3,13,49,82,120,216,268],"stress":[4,92,126,190,233,309,314],"that":[5,53,222,300],"can":[6,38,163,310],"cause":[7],"problems":[8],"with":[9,187,230,293,306],"several":[10],"aspects":[11],"of":[12,27,176,225,288],"plant's":[14,19],"metabolism,":[15],"potentially":[16],"impeding":[17],"the":[18,174,223,259,279,286],"ability":[20],"to":[21,42,72,95,123,184,235,258,278],"grow":[22],"and":[23,35,63,79,90,100,109,134,137,151,159,162,180,191,205,252,273],"develop.":[24],"The":[25,297],"use":[26],"gibberellic":[28],"acid":[29,47],"(GA3),":[30],"quantum":[31],"dot":[32],"biochar":[33],"(QDBC),":[34],"rhizobacteria":[36],"(RB)":[37],"be":[39],"effective":[40],"methods":[41],"overcome":[43],"this":[44],"problem.":[45],"Gibberellic":[46],"crucial":[50],"plant":[51,55,75,86,125,144,147,169],"hormone":[52],"regulates":[54],"growth,":[56,148],"cell":[57],"division,":[58],"tissue":[59],"differentiation,":[60],"flowering,":[61],"photosynthesis,":[62],"transpiration":[64],"rate.":[65],"It":[66],"also":[67,284],"significantly":[68],"impacts":[69],"crop":[70],"resilience":[71],"stress,":[73,133,283],"affecting":[74,168],"morphology,":[76],"enzymatic":[77],"activity,":[78],"physiology.":[80],"Biochar,":[81],"soil":[83,88,104,141],"supplement,":[84],"enhances":[85],"development":[87],"health,":[89],"reduces":[91],"effects.":[93],"Due":[94],"its":[96],"large":[97],"surface":[98],"area":[99],"porosity,":[101],"it":[102],"increases":[103],"water-holding":[105],"capacity,":[106],"nutrient":[107,136,149],"retention,":[108],"microbial":[110],"activity.":[111],"Quantum":[112],"dots,":[113],"semiconductor":[114],"nanoparticles,":[115],"have":[116],"been":[117],"proposed":[118],"as":[119,129,182],"potential":[121,287],"method":[122],"alleviate":[124],"by":[127],"acting":[128],"antioxidants,":[130],"reducing":[131],"oxidative":[132],"controlling":[135],"growth":[138],"regulators.":[139],"Rhizobacteria,":[140],"bacteria":[142],"in":[143,212,238,266,315],"roots,":[145],"stimulate":[146],"absorption,":[150],"harvesting":[152],"capacity.":[153],"They":[154],"produce":[155],"phytohormones,":[156],"increase":[157],"mineral":[158],"nitrogen":[160],"accessibility,":[161],"induce":[164],"systemic":[165],"resistance":[166],"(ISR),":[167],"defense.":[170],"This":[171],"study":[172,298],"investigates":[173],"effects":[175],"combining":[177,301],"GA3,":[178],"QDBC,":[179],"RB":[181,229,292,305],"amendments":[183],"fenugreek,":[185],"both":[186],"500":[188,231,294,307],"Pb":[189,193,232,282,295,308,313],"without":[192],"stress.":[194,296],"Treatments":[195],"(control,":[196],"0.25":[197,201],"GA3mg/L-QDBC,":[198,200],"0.5":[199,206,226,289,302],"GA3mg/L-QDBC":[202,207,227,290,303],"+":[203,208,228,291,304],"RB,":[204],"RB)":[209],"were":[210,263],"applied":[211],"six":[213],"replications":[214],"using":[215],"completely":[217],"randomized":[218],"design.":[219],"Results":[220],"demonstrate":[221],"combination":[224],"led":[234],"significant":[236],"enhancements":[237],"fenugreek":[239],"shoot":[240,248],"fresh":[241,245],"weight":[242,246,250,255],"(15.62%),":[243],"root":[244,253],"(73.53%),":[247],"dry":[249,254],"(24.00%),":[251],"(36.53%)":[256],"compared":[257,277],"control.":[260],"Additionally,":[261],"there":[262],"notable":[264],"improvements":[265],"chlorophyll":[267,270,275],"(57.23%),":[269],"b":[271],"(19.21%),":[272],"total":[274],"(36.23%)":[276],"control":[280],"under":[281],"showing":[285],"suggests":[299],"effectively":[311],"mitigate":[312],"fenugreek.":[316]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2024-11-29T00:00:00"}