{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404639716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/s628x","title":"Much ado about generalization? What convenience samples can\u2014and cannot\u2014tell us about executive function development.","display_name":"Much ado about generalization? What convenience samples can\u2014and cannot\u2014tell us about executive function development.","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404639716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/s628x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/s628x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/s628x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/s628x","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/s628x/download","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://osf.io/s628x/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085712293","display_name":"Sabine Doebel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1851-7011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1851-7011"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sabine Doebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology , 4400 University Drive , 3F5 , Fairfax , VA , 22030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology , 4400 University Drive , 3F5 , Fairfax , VA , 22030","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085712293"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.46880000829696655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.46880000829696655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.2685999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.10559999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-function-development","display_name":"executive function development","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convenience-samples","display_name":"convenience samples","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability","display_name":"generalizability","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensional-change-card-sort","display_name":"Dimensional Change Card Sort","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-field-theory","display_name":"dynamic field theory","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"transfer of learning","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-cognitive-development","display_name":"early childhood cognitive development","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-activity-prediction","display_name":"neural activity prediction","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-training-intervention","display_name":"cognitive training intervention","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-representativeness","display_name":"sample representativeness","score":0.7360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6454630494117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6252148747444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.548425018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5143240690231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5009033679962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49834299087524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4706113934516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775968953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783092","display_name":"Executive functions","level":3,"score":0.45129746198654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4450645446777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4230317771434784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15593260526657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.09010189771652222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/s628x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/s628x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/s628x","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/s628x/download","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:f015f184-fd04-4527-b410-e7d6e5f217c8","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/s628x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/s628x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/s628x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/s628x","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/s628x/download","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404639716.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404639716.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405012020","https://openalex.org/W2614014843","https://openalex.org/W2941601946","https://openalex.org/W2291650339","https://openalex.org/W2807324621","https://openalex.org/W4233708326","https://openalex.org/W2956367525","https://openalex.org/W4205772367","https://openalex.org/W2184080552","https://openalex.org/W4385199433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Executive":[0],"function":[1],"(EF)":[2],"is":[3,171],"a":[4,66,70,168],"core":[5],"capacity":[6],"of":[7,73,126,134,195,204,209],"the":[8,90,110,124,130,140,175,193,205,212],"human":[9],"mind":[10],"and":[11,21,31,51,54,61,105,137],"brain":[12],"that":[13,24,85,119,170],"allows":[14],"us":[15],"to":[16,49,142],"think":[17],"before":[18],"we":[19,181],"act":[20],"select":[22],"behaviors":[23],"align":[25],"with":[26,129],"our":[27],"goals,":[28],"knowledge,":[29],"values,":[30],"social":[32],"norms.":[33],"EF":[34,87,162,196],"develops":[35],"dramatically":[36],"in":[37,174,197,211],"childhood,":[38],"yet":[39],"much":[40],"remains":[41],"unknown":[42],"about":[43],"how":[44],"it":[45,53],"develops,":[46],"stymying":[47],"efforts":[48],"train":[50],"improve":[52],"associated":[55],"outcomes.":[56],"The":[57,116],"monograph":[58],"by":[59],"McCraw":[60,136],"colleagues":[62,138],"reports":[63],"results":[64],"from":[65,78,99],"longitudinal":[67],"study":[68],"using":[69],"convenience":[71,187],"sample":[72],"twenty":[74],"middle/upper-middle":[75],"class":[76],"children":[77,111,198,210],"Tennessee":[79],"(100%":[80],"white,":[81],"60%":[82],"female),":[83],"finding":[84],"54-month-olds\u2019":[86],"performance":[88],"on":[89,167],"Dimensional":[91],"Change":[92],"Card":[93],"Sort":[94],"(DCCS)":[95],"can":[96],"be":[97,143],"predicted":[98],"neural":[100],"activity":[101],"recorded":[102],"during":[103],"labeling":[104],"dimensional":[106,120,149],"knowledge":[107],"tasks":[108],"when":[109],"were":[112],"30":[113],"months":[114],"old.":[115],"authors":[117],"conclude":[118],"label":[121,150],"learning":[122,151],"impacts":[123],"development":[125,194],"EF,":[127],"consistent":[128],"dynamic":[131],"field":[132],"theory":[133],"EF.":[135],"consider":[139],"findings":[141],"particularly":[144],"promising":[145],"for":[146,156,191],"interventions":[147],"because":[148],"should":[152,180],"have":[153,189],"more":[154],"potential":[155],"cognitive":[157],"transfer":[158],"than":[159],"practicing":[160],"specific":[161],"skills.":[163],"This":[164],"commentary":[165],"focuses":[166],"question":[169],"increasingly":[172],"pressing":[173],"field:":[176],"To":[177],"what":[178],"extent":[179],"expect":[182],"these":[183],"findings\u2014and":[184],"others":[185],"involving":[186],"samples\u2014to":[188],"relevance":[190],"understanding":[192],"who":[199],"may":[200],"not":[201],"share":[202],"many":[203],"characteristics":[206],"or":[207],"experiences":[208],"sample?":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2024-11-23T00:00:00"}
