{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404252012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2024.120630","title":"Bond and Flexural Behaviour of Locally Available Spent Catalyst Based Normal and High Strength Concrete","display_name":"Bond and Flexural Behaviour of Locally Available Spent Catalyst Based Normal and High Strength Concrete","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404252012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2024.120630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.13189/cea.2024.120630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2024.120630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/cea.2024.120630","pdf_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20241030/CEA30-14838761.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186571","display_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","issn_l":"2332-1091","issn":["2332-1091","2332-1121"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324001558","host_organization_name":"Horizon Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324001558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Horizon Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20241030/CEA30-14838761.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093125441","display_name":"R. Balamuralikrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-2459","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-2459"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balamuralikrishnan R.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114598917","display_name":"Noof Nasser AL. Oufi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noof Nasser AL. Oufi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114598918","display_name":"Thekra Issa Alghassani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thekra Issa Alghassani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13263951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"4182","last_page":"4191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13140","display_name":"Materials Engineering and Processing","score":0.46480000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13140","display_name":"Materials Engineering and Processing","score":0.46480000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.2653999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11847","display_name":"Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance","score":0.093299999833107,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spent-catalysts","display_name":"spent catalysts","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-strength-concrete","display_name":"high-strength concrete","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-strength-concrete","display_name":"normal strength concrete","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"flexural strength","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pull-out-test","display_name":"pull-out test","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement-replacement","display_name":"cement replacement","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-refinery-waste","display_name":"refinery waste","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-recycling-in-concrete","display_name":"waste recycling in concrete","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.8260769844055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5795605182647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159096172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914535","display_name":"Bond strength","level":4,"score":0.5724774599075317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5699819326400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11693","display_name":"Bond","level":2,"score":0.5635189414024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.48437222838401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33310291171073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28111934661865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.26649707555770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68928338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131790","display_name":"Adhesive","level":3,"score":0.10877785086631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08745622634887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.06294748187065125}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.13189/cea.2024.120630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2024.120630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/cea.2024.120630","pdf_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20241030/CEA30-14838761.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186571","display_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","issn_l":"2332-1091","issn":["2332-1091","2332-1121"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324001558","host_organization_name":"Horizon Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324001558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Horizon Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.13189/cea.2024.120630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2024.120630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/cea.2024.120630","pdf_url":"http://www.hrpub.org/download/20241030/CEA30-14838761.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186571","display_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","issn_l":"2332-1091","issn":["2332-1091","2332-1121"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324001558","host_organization_name":"Horizon Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324001558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Horizon Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil Engineering and Architecture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404252012.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404252012.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2328498713","https://openalex.org/W2358880141","https://openalex.org/W1537428095","https://openalex.org/W2158582201","https://openalex.org/W2318545402","https://openalex.org/W2132097729","https://openalex.org/W2369181525","https://openalex.org/W2352153045","https://openalex.org/W1091253871","https://openalex.org/W3125382132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Environmental":[0],"regulators":[1],"put":[2],"pressure":[3],"on":[4,215,220],"refineries":[5,38],"to":[6,23,56,115,161,248,289,321],"handle":[7],"wasted":[8],"catalyst":[9,112,284,294,309],"in":[10,39,52,314],"a":[11,152,156,171,238,250,274,302],"safe":[12],"manner.":[13],"Spent":[14,43],"catalyst,":[15],"which":[16,48],"is":[17,21,33,78,263],"produced":[18],"when":[19],"petroleum":[20,37],"split":[22],"reduce":[24],"its":[25,30],"sulphur":[26],"level":[27],"and":[28,65,72,90,123,137,203,207],"enhance":[29],"burning":[31],"properties,":[32],"one":[34],"of":[35,54,69,82,87,110,127,147,173,180,191,256,277,280,292,305,316],"the":[36,66,79,88,116,134,141,148,181,226,235,266],"Oman's":[40],"industrial":[41],"byproducts.":[42],"catalysts":[44],"include":[45],"cementitious":[46],"material,":[47],"can":[49],"be":[50],"utilised":[51],"place":[53],"cement":[55,262,306],"some":[57],"extent.":[58],"The":[59,211,253,270],"relationship":[60],"between":[61],"steel":[62],"bond":[63,135,153,236,271],"strength":[64,143,186,268,318],"flexural":[67,185],"behaviour":[68],"regular":[70,216],"(C30)":[71],"high-strength":[73],"(C60)":[74],"spent":[75,257,283,293,308],"catalyst-based":[76,258],"concrete":[77,217,223,227,259,281],"main":[80],"topic":[81],"this":[83],"study.":[84],"Concrete":[85],"cubes":[86,130,139,224,260],"C30":[89,206],"C60":[91,208],"grades,":[92],"each":[93],"measuring":[94],"150":[95,98,101],"mm":[96,99,175,197],"\u00d7":[97,100,195],"mm,":[102],"were":[103,113,131],"made":[104],"for":[105,133,140,184,201,205,231],"optimisation":[106,149],"after":[107,225],"different":[108],"amounts":[109],"leftover":[111,221],"added":[114],"concrete,":[117],"such":[118],"as":[119,145],"3%,":[120],"6%,":[121,296],"9%,":[122],"12%":[124],"by":[125,282],"weight":[126],"cement.":[128],"Twenty-four":[129],"cast":[132,190],"research":[136],"forty-eight":[138],"compressive":[142,267],"test":[144,187,212,276],"part":[146],"procedure.":[150],"For":[151,234],"study":[154,272],"with":[155,319],"helical":[157],"spring":[158],"H8":[159],"diameter":[160],"avoid":[162],"local":[163],"shear":[164],"an":[165,311],"embedded":[166],"vertical":[167],"bar":[168],"H12":[169],"at":[170],"length":[172],"500":[174,193],"was":[176,189,213,246],"inserted":[177],"while":[178],"casting":[179],"cubes.":[182],"Finally,":[183],"prism":[188],"size":[192],"\u00d7100":[194],"100":[196],"-":[198],"12":[199],"nos.":[200],"0%":[202],"9%":[204,264,278,303],"grade":[209],"concrete.":[210,323],"run":[214],"more":[218],"precisely,":[219],"catalyzed-based":[222],"had":[228],"been":[229],"cured":[230],"28":[232],"days.":[233],"investigation,":[237],"1000":[239],"kN":[240],"capacity":[241],"Universal":[242],"Testing":[243],"Machine":[244],"(UTM)":[245],"used":[247],"perform":[249],"pull-out":[251,275,317],"test.":[252,269],"optimum":[254],"dosage":[255],"replacing":[261],"under":[265],"using":[273,307],"replacement":[279,304],"gives":[285,310],"better":[286],"performance":[287],"compared":[288],"other":[290],"dosages":[291],"(3%,":[295],"&":[297],"12%).":[298],"It":[299],"concludes":[300],"that":[301],"11%":[312],"increase":[313],"terms":[315],"respect":[320],"conventional":[322]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}